Diploma Thesis
Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Diploma Thesis (24) (remove)
Language
- English (24) (remove)
Has Fulltext
- yes (24)
Keywords
Faculty / Organisational entity
This work is concerned with dynamic flow problems, especially maximal dynamic flows and earliest arrival flows - also called universally maximal flows. First of all, a survey of known results about existence, computation and approximation of earliest arrival flows is given. For the special case of series-parallel graphs a polynomial algorithm for computing maximal dynamic flows is presented and this maximal dynamic flow is proven to be an earliest arrival flow.
Aggregation of Large-Scale Network Flow Problems with Application to Evacuation Planning at SAP
(2005)
Our initial situation is as follows: The blueprint of the ground floor of SAP’s main building the EVZ is given and the open question on how mathematic can support the evacuation’s planning process ? To model evacuation processes in advance as well as for existing buildings two models can be considered: macro- and microscopic models. Microscopic models emphasize the individual movement of evacuees. These models consider individual parameters such as walking speed, reaction time or physical abilities as well as the interaction of evacuees during the evacuation process. Because of the fact that the microscopic model requires lots of data, simulations are taken for implementation. Most of the current approaches concerning simulation are based on cellular automats. In contrast to microscopic models, macroscopic models do not consider individual parameters such as the physical abilities of the evacuees. This means that the evacuees are treated as a homogenous group for which only common characteristics are considered; an average human being is assumed. We do not have that much data as in the case of the microscopic models. Therefore, the macroscopic models are mainly based on optimization approaches. In most cases, a building or any other evacuation object is represented through a static network. A time horizon T is added, in order to be able to describe the evolution of the evacuation process over time. Connecting these two components we finally get a dynamic network. Based on this network, dynamic network flow problems are formulated, which can map evacuation processes. We focused on the macroscopic model in our thesis. Our main focus concerning the transfer from the real world problem (e.g. supporting the evacuation planning) will be the modeling of the blueprint as a dynamic network. After modeling the blueprint as a dynamic network, it will be no problem to give a formulation of a dynamic network flow problem, the so-called evacuation problem, which seeks for an optimal evacuation time. However, we have to solve a static large-scale network flow problem to derive a solution for this formulation. In order to reduce the network size, we will examine the possibility of applying aggregation to the evacuation problem. Aggregation (lat. aggregare = piling, affiliate; lat. aggregatio = accumulation, union; the act of gathering something together) was basically used to reduce the size of general large-scale linear or integer programs. The results gained for the general problem definitions were then applied to the transportation problem and the minimum cost network flow problem. We review this theory in detail and look on how results derived there can be used for the evacuation problem, too.
This essay discusses the multileaf collimator leaf sequencing problem, which occurs in every treatment planning in radiation therapy. The problem is to find a good realization in terms of a leaf sequence in the multileaf collimator such that the time needed to deliver the given dose profile is minimized. A mathematical model using an integer programming formulation has been developed. Additionally, a heuristic, based on existing algorithms and an integer programming formulation, has been developed to enhance the quality of the solutions. Comparing the results to those provided by other algorithms, a significant improvement can be observed.
While there exist closed-form solutions for vanilla options in the presence of stochastic volatility for nearly a decade, practitioners still depend on numerical methods - in particular the Finite Difference and Monte Carlo methods - in the case of double barrier options. It was only recently that Lipton proposed (semi-)analytical solutions for this special class of path-dependent options. Although he presents two different approaches to derive these solutions, he restricts himself in both cases to a less general model, namely one where the correlation and the interest rate differential are assumed to be zero. Naturally the question arises, if these methods are still applicable for the general stochastic volatility model without these restrictions. In this paper we show that such a generalization fails for both methods. We will explain why this is the case and discuss the consequences of our results.
In this work a 3-dimensional contact elasticity problem for a thin fiber and a rigid foundation is studied. We describe the contact condition by a linear Robin-condition (by meaning of the penalized and linearized non-penetration and friction conditions).
The dimension of the problem is reduced by an asymptotic approach. Scaling the Robin parameters appropriately we obtain a recurrent chain of Neumann type boundary value problems which are considered only in the microscopic scale. The problem for the leading term is a homogeneous Neumann problem, hence the leading term depends only on the slow variable. This motivates the choice of a multiplicative ansatz in the asymptotic expansion.
The theoretical results are illustrated with numerical examples performed with a commercial finite-element software-tool.
Bulk-boundary correspondence in non-equilibrium dynamics of one-dimensional topological insulators
(2017)
Dynamical phase transitions (DPT) are receiving a rising interest. They are known to behave analogously to
equilibrium phase transitions (EPT) to a large extend. However, it is easy to see that DPT can occur in finite
systems, while EPT are only possible in the thermodynamic limit. So far it is not clear how far the analogy of
DPT and EPT goes. It was suggested, that there is a relation between topological phase transitions (TPT)
and DPT, but many open questions remain.
Typically, to study DPT, the Loschmidt echo (LE) after a quench is investigated, where DPT are visible as
singularities. For one-dimensional systems, each singularity is connected to a certain critical time scale, which
is given by the dispersion in the chain.
In topological free-fermion models with winding numbers 0 or 1, only the LE in periodic boundary conditions
(PBC) has been investigated. In open boundary conditions (OBC), these models are characterized by symmetry
protected edge modes in the topologically non-trivial phase. It is completely unclear how these modes affect
DPT. We investigate systems with PBC governed by multiple time scales with a Z topological invariant. In
OBC, we provide numerical evidence for the presence of bulk-boundary correspondence in DPT in quenches
across a TPT.
In this thesis we present the implementation of libraries center.lib and perron.lib for the non-commutative extension Plural of the Computer Algebra System Singular. The library center.lib was designed for the computation of elements of the centralizer of a set of elements and the center of a non-commutative polynomial algebra. It also provides solutions to related problems. The library perron.lib contains a procedure for the computation of relations between a set of pairwise commuting polynomials. The thesis comprises the theory behind the libraries, aspects of the implementation and some applications of the developed algorithms. Moreover, we provide extensive benchmarks for the computation of elements of the center. Some of our examples were never computed before.
This diploma thesis examines logistic problems occurring in a container terminal. The thesis focuses on the scheduling of cranes handling containers in a port. Two problems are discussed in detail: the yard crane scheduling of rubber-tired gantry cranes (RMGC) which move freely among the container blocks, and the scheduling of rail-mounted gantry cranes (RMGC) which can only move within a yard zone. The problems are formulated as integer programs. For each of the two problems discussed, two models are presented: In one model, the crane tasks are interpreted as jobs with release times and processing times while in the other model, it is assumed that the tasks can be modeled as generic workload measured in crane minutes. It is shown that the problems are NP-hard in the strong sense. Heuristic solution procedures are developed and evaluated by numerical results. Further ideas which could lead to other solution procedures are presented and some interesting special cases are discussed.
This diploma thesis sets out to analyse the applicability of the instrument ’European Grouping of
Territorial Cooperation (EGTC)’ in the transnational and interregional non-contiguous cooperation.
EGTCs that are applied in spatially non-contiguous cooperations are called ’Network-EGTCs’. As
no scientific research about network-EGTCs has been made so far, this diploma thesis fills this
research gap.
As a basis for the analysis, a literature review on the instrument EGTC in general and its historic
background was conducted. In addition the scientific literature has been searched for characteristics
of non-contiguous cooperations and different stakeholders were interviewed for their
estimations about network-EGTCs. The so far existing and planned network-EGTCs have been
explored. Out of these network-EGTCs two case studies – the E.G.T.C. Amphictyony and the
planned CETC-EGTC – have been examined in depth. Their characteristics have further been
compared with the information about EGTCs and non contiguous-cooperations in general.
It was found out that network-EGTCs show advantages from ordinary non-contiguous cooperations.
Additionally, it was discovered that network-EGTCs do not differ in their character as much
as it had been expected from EGTCs established in the cross-border cooperation. This applies
also to the establishment process as well as to the fulfilment of the instrument’s potentials. In
general all EGTCs show discrepancies between planning and practice. Only a few differences
have been discovered. Contrary to expectation network-EGTCs show only certain disadvantages
but also advantages compared to EGTCs in the cross-border cooperation.
This thesis delivers evidence that EGTCs are applicable in the transnational and interregional
cooperation when certain preconditions are fulfilled. Then they can contribute to a successful
transnational and interregional cooperation.
Recommendations were given to territorial non-contiguous cooperations that are considering to
establish an EGTC.
It is expected that more network-EGTCs will be established in the future due to the higher experience
and knowledge about network-EGTCs.