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Retrieving multiple cases is supposed to be an adequate retrieval strategy for guiding partial-order planners because of the recognized flexibility of these planners to interleave steps in the plans. Cases are combined by merging them. In this paper, we will examine two different kinds of merging cases in the context of partial-order planning. We will see that merging cases can be very difficult if the cases are merged eagerly. On the other hand, if cases are merged by avoiding redundant steps, the guidance of the additional cases tends to decrease with the number of covered goals and retrieved cases in domains having a certain kind of interactions. Thus, to retrieve a single case covering many of the goals of the problem or to retrieve fewer cases covering many of the goals is at least equally effective as to retrieve several cases covering all goals in these domains.
Estelle is an internationally standardized formal description technique (FDT) designed for the specification of distributed systems, in particular communication protocols. An Estelle specification describes a system of communicating components (module instances). The specified system is closed in a topological sense, i.e. it has no ability to interact with some environment. Because of this restriction, open systems can only be specified together with and incorporated with an environment. To overcome this restriction, we introduce a compatible extension of Estelle, called "Open Estelle". It allows the specification of (topologically) open systems, i.e. systems that have the ability to communicate with any environment through a well-defined external interface. We define aformal syntax and a formal semantics for Open Estelle, both based on and extending the syntax and semantics of Estelle. The extension is compatible syntactically and semantically, i.e. Estelle is a subset of Open Estelle. In particular, the formal semantics of Open Estelle reduces to the Estelle semantics in the special case of a closed system. Furthermore, we present a tool for the textual integration of open systems into environments specified in Open Estelle, and a compiler for the automatic generation of implementations directly from Open Estelle specifications.
It is of basic interest to assess the quality of the decisions of a statistician, based on the outcoming data of a statistical experiment, in the context of a given model class P of probability distributions. The statistician picks a particular distribution P , suffering a loss by not picking the 'true' distribution P' . There are several relevant loss functions, one being based on the the relative entropy function or Kullback Leibler information distance. In this paper we prove a general 'minimax risk equals maximin (Bayes) risk' theorem for the Kullback Leibler loss under the hypothesis of a dominated and compact family of distributions over a Polish observation space with suitably integrable densities. We also find that there is always an optimal Bayes strategy (i.e. a suitable prior) achieving the minimax value. Further, we see that every such minimax optimal strategy leads to the same distribution P in the convex closure of the model class. Finally, we give some examples to illustrate the results and to indicate, how the minimax result reflects in the structure of least favorable priors. This paper is mainly based on parts of this author's doctorial thesis.
The Multiple Objective Median Problem involves locating a new facility so that a vector of performance criteria is optimized over a given set of existing facilities. A variation of this problem is obtained if the existing facilities are situated on two sides of a linear barrier. Such barriers like rivers, highways, borders, or mountain ranges are frequently encountered in practice. In this paper, theory of the Multiple Objective Median Problem with line barriers is developped. As this problem is nonconvex but specially-structured, a reduction to a series of convex optimization problems is proposed. The general results lead to a polynomial algorithm for finding the set of efficient solutions. The algorithm is proposed for bi-criteria problems with different measures of distance.
An asymptotic-induced scheme for kinetic semiconductor equations with the diffusion scaling is developed. The scheme is based on the asymptotic analysis of the kinetic semiconductor equation. It works uniformly for all ranges of mean free paths. The velocity discretization is done using quadrature points equivalent to a moment expansion method. Numerical results for different physical situations are presented.
Due to continuously increasing demands in the area of advanced robot control, it became necessary to speed up the computation. One way to reduce the computation time is to distribute the computation onto several processing units. In this survey we present different approaches to parallel computation of robot kinematics and Jacobian. Thereby, we discuss both the forward and the reverse problem. We introduce a classification scheme and classify the references by this scheme.
We develop a test for stationarity of a time series against the alternative of a time-changing covariance structure. Using localized versions of the periodogram, we obtain empirical versions of a reasonable notion of a time-varying spectral density. Coefficients w.r.t. a Haar wavelet series expansion of such a time-varying periodogram are a possible indicator whether there is some deviation from covariance stationarity. We propose a test based on the limit distribution of these empirical coefficients.
We report on Brillouin light scattering investigations of the elastic properties in Co/Ni superlattices which exhibit localized electronic eigenstates near the Fermi level causing an oscillation of the resistivity as a function of the superlattice periodicity A. No oscillations of the Rayleigh and Sezawa mode as a function of A could be observed within an error margin of +- 2% indicating that the localized electronic states do not contribute to the elastic constants.
This paper shows an approach to profit from type information about planning objects in a partial-order planner. The approach turns out to combine representational and computational advantages. On the one hand, type hierarchies allow better structuring of domain specifications. On the other hand, operators contain type constraints which reduce the search space of the planner as they partially achieve the functionality of filter conditions.
This paper is a continuation of a joint paper with B. Martin [MS] dealing with the problem of direct sum decompositions. The techniques of that paper areused to decide wether two modules are isomorphic or not. An positive answer to this question has many applications - for example for the classification ofmaximal Cohen-Macaulay module over local algebras as well as for the study of projective modules. Up to now computer algebra is normally dealing withequality of ideals or modules which depends on chosen embeddings. The present algorithm allows to switch to isomorphism classes which is more natural inthe sense of commutative algebra and algebraic geometry.
An asymptotic-induced scheme for nonstationary transport equations with thediffusion scaling is developed. The scheme works uniformly for all ranges ofmean free paths. It is based on the asymptotic analysis of the diffusion limit ofthe transport equation. A theoretical investigation of the behaviour of thescheme in the diffusion limit is given and an approximation property is proven.Moreover, numerical results for different physical situations are shown and atheuniform convergence of the scheme is established numerically.
This paper describes an Internet-scalable knowledge base infrastructure for managing the knowledge used by an in-telligent software productivity infrastructure system. The infrastructure provides workable solutions for several significant issues: (1) Internetunique names for pieces of knowledge; (2) multi-platform, multi-language support; (3) distributed knowledge base synchronization mechanisms; (4) support for extensive customized variations in knowledge content, and (5) knowledge caching mechanisms for improved system performance. The infrastructure described here is a workable example of the kind of infrastructure that will be required to manage the evolution and reuse of millions of pieces of knowledge in the future.
Static magnetic and spin wave properties of square lattices of permalloy micron dots with thicknesses of 500 Å and 1000 Å and with varying dot separations have been investigated. A magnetic fourfold anisotropy was found for the lattice with dot diameters of 1 micrometer and a dot separation of 0.1 micrometer. The anisotropy is attributed to an anisotropic dipole-dipole interaction between magnetically unsaturated parts of the dots. The anisotropy strength (order of 100000 erg/cm^3 ) decreases with increasing in-plane applied magnetic field.
Annual Report
(1997)
Fabric reinforced thermoplastic composites, suitable for the production of thin-walled, high
strength structural parts, are available on the market today with various fibre/matrix combinations.
However, further market penetration and series production are inhibited as long as forming
technologies are not well understood. In this thesis, the potential for series production of different
forming technologies is evaluated. Stamp forming is an efficient way to produce parts in
very short cycle times. A limiting factor to part complexibilty is undesired wrinkle formation as
a consequence of insufficient fabric shear. Fabric shear and other important deformations of impregnated
fabrics were examined by means of new test devices. Evidence was found that membrane
tension is the crucial factor to avoid wrinkle formation. New tool concepts and processing
Windows were developed to produce fabric reinforced thermoplastic parts free of wrinkles and
distortions.
An unusual interlayer coupling, recently discovered in layered magnetic systems, is analysed from the experimental and theoretical points of view. This coupling favours the 90 orientation of the magnetization of the adjacent magnetic films. It can be phenomenologically described by a term in the energy expression, which is biquadratic with respect to the magnetizations of the two films. The main experimental findings, as well as the theoretical models, explaining the phenomenon are discussed.
Brillouin light scattering investigations of exchange biased (110)-oriented NiFe/FeMn bilayers
(1997)
All contributing magnetic anisotropies in (110)-oriented exchange biased Ni 80 Fe 20 /Fe 50 Mn 50 double layers prepared by molecular beam epitaxy on Cu(110) single crystals have been determined by means of Brillouin light scattering. Upon covering the Ni 80 Fe 20 films by Fe 50 Mn 50 , a unidirectional anisotropy contribution appears, which is consistent with the measured exchange bias field. The uniaxial and fourfold in-plane anisotropy contributions are largely modified by an amount, which scales with the Ni 80 Fe 20 thickness, indicating an interface effect. The strong uniaxial anisotropy contribution shows an in-plane switching of the easy axis from [110] to [001] with increasing Ni 80 Fe 20 -layer thickness. The large mode width of the spin wave excitations, which exceeds the linewidth of uncovered Ni 80 Fe 20 films by a factor of more than six, indicates large spatial variations of the exchange coupling constant. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics.