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This PhD-Thesis deals with the calculation and application of a new class of invariants, that can be used to recognize patterns in tensor fields (i.e. scalar fields, vector fields und matrix fields), and by the composition of scalar fields with delta-functions also to point-clouds.
In the first chapter an overview over already existing invariants is given.
In the second chapter the general definition of the new invariants is given:
starting with a tensor field a set of moment tensor is created via folding in tensor-product manner with different orders of the tensor product of the positional vector. From these, rotational invariant values are calculated via contraction of tensor products. An algorithm to get a complete and independent set of invariants from a given moment tensor set is described. Furthermore methods to make these sets of invariants invariant against translation, rotation, scaling, and affine transformation.
In the third chapter, a method to optimize the calculation of these sets of invariants is described: every invariant can be modeled as undirected graph comprising multiple sub-graphs representing partially contracted tensor products of the moment tensors.
The composition of the sets of invariants is optimized by a clever choice of the decomposition into sub-graphs, all paths creating a hyper-graph of sub-graphs where each node describes a composition step. Finally, C++-source-code is created, which optimized using the symmetry of the different tensors and tensor-products, and a comparison of the effort to other calculation methods of invariants is given.
The fourth chapter describes the application of the invariants to object recognition in point-clouds from 3D-scans. To do this, the invariants of sub-sets of point-clouds are stored for every known object. Afterwards, invariants are calculated from an unknown point-cloud and tried to find them in the database to assign it to one of the known objects. Benchmarks using three 3D-object databases are made testing time and recognition rate.