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In the paper we discuss the transition from kinetic theory to macroscopic fluid equations, where the macroscopic equations are defined as aymptotic limits of a kinetic equation. This relation can be used to derive computationally efficient domain decomposition schemes for the simulaion of rarefied gas flows close to the continuum limit. Moreover, we present some basic ideas for the derivation of kinetic induced numerical schemes for macroscopic equations, namely kinetic schemes for general conservation laws as well as Lattice-Boltzmann methods for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations.
Particle methods to simulate rarefied gas flows have found an increasing interest in Computational Fluid Dynamics during the last decade, see for example [1], [2], [3] and [4]. The general goal is to develop numerical schemes which are reliable enough to substitute real windtunnel experiments, needed for example in space research, by computer experiments. In order to achieve this goal one needs numerical methods solving the Boltzmann equation including all important physical effects. In general this means 3D computations for a chemically reacting rarefied gas. With codes of this kind at hand, Boltzmann simulation becomes a powerful tool in studying rarefied gas phenomena.
We discuss how kinetic and aerodynamic descriptions of a gas can be matched at some prescribed boundary. The boundary (matching) conditions arise from requirement that the relevant moments (p,u,...) of the particle density function be continuous at the boundary, and from the requirement that the closure relation, by which the aerodynamic equations (holding on one side of the boundary) arise from the kinetic equation (holding on the other side), be satisfied at the boundary. We do a case study involving the Knudsen gas equation on one side and a system involving the Burgers equation on the other side in section 2, and a discussion for the coupling of the full Boltzmann equation with the compressible Navier-Stokes equations in section 3.
Particle Methods
(1994)