Kaiserslautern - Fachbereich Mathematik
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In this paper we construct a multiscale solution method for the gravimetry problem, which is concerned with the determination of the earth's density distribution from gravitational measurements. For this purpose isotropic scale continuous wavelets for harmonic functions on a ball and on a bounded outer space of a ball, respectively, are constructed. The scales are discretized and the results of numerical calculations based on regularization wavelets are presented. The obtained solutions yield topographical structures of the earth's surface at different levels of localization ranging from continental boundaries to local structures such as Ayer's Rock and the Amazonas area.
Different aspects of geomagnetic field modelling from satellite data are examined in the framework of modern multiscale approximation. The thesis is mostly concerned with wavelet techniques, i.e. multiscale methods based on certain classes of kernel functions which are able to realize a multiscale analysis of the funtion (data) space under consideration. It is thus possible to break up complicated functions like the geomagnetic field, electric current densities or geopotentials into different pieces and study these pieces separately. Based on a general approach to scalar and vectorial multiscale methods, topics include multiscale denoising, crustal field approximation and downward continuation, wavelet-parametrizations of the magnetic field in Mie-representation as well as multiscale-methods for the analysis of time-dependent spherical vector fields. For each subject the necessary theoretical framework is established and numerical applications examine and illustrate the practical aspects.
The focus of this work has been to develop two families of wavelet solvers for the inner displacement boundary-value problem of elastostatics. Our methods are particularly suitable for the deformation analysis corresponding to geoscientifically relevant (regular) boundaries like sphere, ellipsoid or the actual Earth's surface. The first method, a spatial approach to wavelets on a regular (boundary) surface, is established for the classical (inner) displacement problem. Starting from the limit and jump relations of elastostatics we formulate scaling functions and wavelets within the framework of the Cauchy-Navier equation. Based on numerical integration rules a tree algorithm is constructed for fast wavelet computation. This method can be viewed as a first attempt to "short-wavelength modelling", i.e. high resolution of the fine structure of displacement fields. The second technique aims at a suitable wavelet approximation associated to Green's integral representation for the displacement boundary-value problem of elastostatics. The starting points are tensor product kernels defined on Cauchy-Navier vector fields. We come to scaling functions and a spectral approach to wavelets for the boundary-value problems of elastostatics associated to spherical boundaries. Again a tree algorithm which uses a numerical integration rule on bandlimited functions is established to reduce the computational effort. For numerical realization for both methods, multiscale deformation analysis is investigated for the geoscientifically relevant case of a spherical boundary using test examples. Finally, the applicability of our wavelet concepts is shown by considering the deformation analysis of a particular region of the Earth, viz. Nevada, using surface displacements provided by satellite observations. This represents the first step towards practical applications.
The thesis is concerned with the modelling of ionospheric current systems and induced magnetic fields in a multiscale framework. Scaling functions and wavelets are used to realize a multiscale analysis of the function spaces under consideration and to establish a multiscale regularization procedure for the inversion of the considered operator equation. First of all a general multiscale concept for vectorial operator equations between two separable Hilbert spaces is developed in terms of vector kernel functions. The equivalence to the canonical tensorial ansatz is proven and the theory is transferred to the case of multiscale regularization of vectorial inverse problems. As a first application, a special multiresolution analysis of the space of square-integrable vector fields on the sphere, e.g. the Earth’s magnetic field measured on a spherical satellite’s orbit, is presented. By this, a multiscale separation of spherical vector-valued functions with respect to their sources can be established. The vector field is split up into a part induced by sources inside the sphere, a part which is due to sources outside the sphere and a part which is generated by sources on the sphere, i.e. currents crossing the sphere. The multiscale technqiue is tested on a magnetic field data set of the satellite CHAMP and it is shown that crustal field determination can be improved by previously applying our method. In order to reconstruct ionspheric current systems from magnetic field data, an inversion of the Biot-Savart’s law in terms of multiscale regularization is defined. The corresponding operator is formulated and the singular values are calculated. Based on the konwledge of the singular system a regularzation technique in terms of certain product kernels and correponding convolutions can be formed. The method is tested on different simulations and on real magnetic field data of the satellite CHAMP and the proposed satellite mission SWARM.
SST (satellite-to-satellite tracking) and SGG (satellite gravity gradiometry) provide data that allows the determination of the first and second order radial derivative of the earth's gravitational potential on the satellite orbit, respectively. The modeling of the gravitational potential from such data is an exponentially ill-posed problem that demands regularization. In this paper, we present the numerical studies of an approach, investigated in [24] and [25], that reconstructs the potential with spline smoothing. In this case, spline smoothing is not just an approximation procedure but it solves the underlying compact operator equation of the SST-problem and the SGG-problem. The numerical studies in this paper are performed for a simplified geometrical scenario with simulated data, but the approach is designed to handle first or second order radial derivative data on a real satellite orbit.
The following two papers present recent developments in multiscale ocean circulation modeling and multiscale gravitational field modeling that have been presented at the 2nd International GOCE User Workshop 2004 in Frascati. Part A - Multiscale Modeling of Ocean Circulation In this paper the applicability of multiscale methods to oceanography is demonstrated. More precisely, we use convolutions with certain locally supported kernels to approximate the dynamic topography and the geostrophic flow. As data sets the French CLS01 data are used for the mean sea surface topography and are compared to the EGM96 geoid. Since those two data sets have very different levels of spatial resolutions the necessity of an interpolating or approximating tool is evident. Compared to the standard spherical harmonics approach, the strongly space localizing kernels improve the possibilities of local data analysis here. Part B - Multiscale Modeling from EIGEN-1S, EIGEN-2, EIGEN-GRACE01S, GGM01, UCPH2002_0.5, EGM96 Spherical wavelets have been developed by the Geomathematics Group Kaiserslautern for several years and have been successfully applied to georelevant problems. Wavelets can be considered as consecutive band-pass filters and allow local approximations. The wavelet transform can also be applied to spherical harmonic models of the Earth's gravitational field like the most up-to-date EIGEN-1S, EIGEN-2, EIGEN-GRACE01S, GGM01, UCPH2002_0.5, and the well-known EGM96. Thereby, wavelet coefficients arise. In this paper it is the aim of the Geomathematics Group to make these data available to other interested groups. These wavelet coefficients allow not only the reconstruction of the wavelet approximations of the gravitational potential but also of the geoid, of the gravity anomalies and other important functionals of the gravitational field. Different types of wavelets are considered: bandlimited wavelets (here: Shannon and Cubic Polynomial (CuP)) as well as non-bandlimited ones (in our case: Abel-Poisson). For these types wavelet coefficients are computed and wavelet variances are given. The data format of the wavelet coefficients is also included.
Die Grundgleichungen der Physikalischen Geodäsie (in der klassischen Formulierung) werden einer Multiskalenformulierung mittels (sphärisch harmonischer) Wavelets unterzogen. Die Energieverteilung des Störpotentials wird in Auflösung nach Skala und Ort durch Verwendung von Waveletvarianzen beschrieben. Schließlich werden zur Modellierung der zeitlichen Variationen des Schwerefeldes zeit- und ortsgebundene Energiespektren zur Detektion lokaler sowie periodischer/saisonaler Strukturen eingeführt.
The article is concerned with the modelling of ionospheric current systems from induced magnetic fields measured by satellites in a multiscale framework. Scaling functions and wavelets are used to realize a multiscale analysis of the function spaces under consideration and to establish a multiscale regularization procedure for the inversion of the considered vectorial operator equation. Based on the knowledge of the singular system a regularization technique in terms of certain product kernels and corresponding convolutions can be formed. In order to reconstruct ionospheric current systems from satellite magnetic field data, an inversion of the Biot-Savart's law in terms of multiscale regularization is derived. The corresponding operator is formulated and the singular values are calculated. The method is tested on real magnetic field data of the satellite CHAMP and the proposed satellite mission SWARM.
In modern geoscience, understanding the climate depends on the information about the oceans. Covering two thirds of the Earth, oceans play an important role. Oceanic phenomena are, for example, oceanic circulation, water exchanges between atmosphere, land and ocean or temporal changes of the total water volume. All these features require new methods in constructive approximation, since they are regionally bounded and not globally observable. This article deals with methods of handling data with locally supported basis functions, modeling them in a multiscale scheme involving a wavelet approximation and presenting the main results for the dynamic topography and the geostrophic flow, e.g., in the Northern Atlantic. Further, it is demonstrated that compressional rates of the occurring wavelet transforms can be achieved by use of locally supported wavelets.
In this work we introduce a new bandlimited spherical wavelet: The Bernstein wavelet. It possesses a couple of interesting properties. To be specific, we are able to construct bandlimited wavelets free of oscillations. The scaling function of this wavelet is investigated with regard to the spherical uncertainty principle, i.e., its localization in the space domain as well as in the momentum domain is calculated and compared to the well-known Shannon scaling function. Surprisingly, they possess the same localization in space although one is highly oscillating whereas the other one shows no oscillatory behavior. Moreover, the Bernstein scaling function turns out to be the first bandlimited scaling function known to the literature whose uncertainty product tends to the minimal value 1.