This thesis is concerned with the modeling of the solid-solid phase transformation, such as the martensitic transformation. The allotropes austenite and martensite are important for industry applications. As a result of its ductility, austenite is desired in the bulk, as opposed to martensite, which desired in the near surface region. The phase field method is used to model the phase transformation by minimizing the free energy. It consists of a mechanical part, due to elastic strain and a chemical part, due to the martensitic transformation. The latter is temperature dependent. Therefore, a temperature dependent separation potential is presented here. To accommodate multiple orientation variants, a multivariant phase field model is employed. Using the Khachaturyan approach, the effective material parameters can be used to describe a constitutive model. This however, renders the nodal residual vector and elemental tangent matrix directly dependent on the phase, making a generalization complicated. An easier approach is the use of the Voigt/Taylor homogenization, in which the energy and their derivatives are interpolated creating an interface for material law of the individual phases.

The 22 wt.% Cr, fully ferritic stainless steel Crofer®22 H has higher thermomechanical fatigue (TMF)- lifetime compared to advanced ferritic-martensitic P91, which is assumed to be caused by different damage tolerance, leading to differences in crack propagation and failure mechanisms. To analyze this, instrumented cyclic indentation tests (CITs) were used because the material’s cyclic hardening potential—which strongly correlates with damage tolerance, can be determined by analyzing the deformation behavior in CITs. In the presented work, CITs were performed for both materials at specimens loaded for different numbers of TMF-cycles. These investigations show higher damage tolerance for Crofer®22 H and demonstrate changes in damage tolerance during TMF-loading for both materials, which correlates with the cyclic deformation behavior observed in TMF-tests. Furthermore, the results obtained at Crofer®22 H indicate an increase of damage tolerance in the second half of TMF-lifetime, which cannot be observed for P91. Moreover, CITs were performed at Crofer®22 H in the vicinity of a fatigue crack, enabling to locally analyze the damage tolerance. These CITs show differences between crack edges and the crack tip. Conclusively, the presented results demonstrate that CITs can be utilized to analyze TMF-induced changes in damage tolerance.

One of the ongoing tasks in space structure testing is the vibration test, in which a given structure is mounted onto a shaker and excited by a certain input load on a given frequency range, in order to reproduce the rigor of launch. These vibration tests need to be conducted in order to ensure that the devised structure meets the expected loads of its future application. However, the structure must not be overtested to avoid any risk of damage. For this, the system’s response to the testing loads, i.e., stresses and forces in the structure, must be monitored and predicted live during the test. In order to solve the issues associated with existing methods of live monitoring of the structure’s response, this paper investigated the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict the system’s responses during the test. Hence, a framework was developed with different use cases to compare various kinds of artificial neural networks and eventually identify the most promising one. Thus, the conducted research accounts for a novel method for live prediction of stresses, allowing failure to be evaluated for different types of material via yield criteria

We have investigated urine samples after coffee consumption using targeted and untargeted approaches to identify furan and 2-methylfuran metabolites in urine samples by UPLC-qToF. The aim was to establish a fast, robust, and time-saving method involving ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quantitative time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-qToF-MS/MS). The developed method detected previously reported metabolites, such as Lys-BDA, and others that had not been previously identified, or only detected in animal or in vitro studies. The developed UPLC-qToF method detected previously reported metabolites, such as lysine-cis-2-butene-1,4-dial (Lys-BDA) adducts, and others that had not been previously identified, or only detected in animal and in vitro studies. In sum, the UPLC-qToF approach provides additional information that may be valuable in future human or animal intervention studies.

Kinetic models of human motion rely on boundary conditions which are defined by the interaction of the body with its environment. In the simplest case, this interaction is limited to the foot contact with the ground and is given by the so called ground reaction force (GRF). A major challenge in the reconstruction of GRF from kinematic data is the double support phase, referring to the state with multiple ground contacts. In this case, the GRF prediction is not well defined. In this work we present an approach to reconstruct and distribute vertical GRF (vGRF) to each foot separately, using only kinematic data. We propose the biomechanically inspired force shadow method (FSM) to obtain a unique solution for any contact phase, including double support, of an arbitrary motion. We create a kinematic based function, model an anatomical foot shape and mimic the effect of hip muscle activations. We compare our estimations with the measurements of a Zebris pressure plate and obtain correlations of 0.39≤r≤0.94 for double support motions and 0.83≤r≤0.87 for a walking motion. The presented data is based on inertial human motion capture, showing the applicability for scenarios outside the laboratory. The proposed approach has low computational complexity and allows for online vGRF estimation.

Potassium (K) is essential for the processes critical for plant performance, including photosynthesis, carbon assimilation, and response to stress. K also influences translocation of sugars in the phloem and regulates sucrose metabolism. Several plant species synthesize polyols and transport these sugar alcohols from source to sink tissues. Limited knowledge exists about the involvement of K in the above processes in polyol-translocating plants. We, therefore, studied K effects in Plantago major, a species that accumulates the polyol sorbitol to high concentrations. We grew P. major plants on soil substrate adjusted to low-, medium-, or high-potassium conditions. We found that biomass, seed yield, and leaf tissue K contents increased in a soil K-dependent manner. K gradually increased the photosynthetic efficiency and decreased the non-photochemical quenching. Concomitantly, sorbitol levels and sorbitol to sucrose ratio in leaves and phloem sap increased in a K-dependent manner. K supply also fostered plant cold acclimation. High soil K levels mitigated loss of water from leaves in the cold and supported cold-dependent sugar and sorbitol accumulation. We hypothesize that with increased K nutrition, P. major preferentially channels photosynthesis-derived electrons into sorbitol biosynthesis and that this increased sorbitol is supportive for sink development and as a protective solute, during abiotic stress

Using industrial robots for machining applications in flexible manufacturing processes lacks a high accuracy. The main reason for the deviation is the flexibility of the gearbox. Secondary Encoders (SE) as an additional, high precision angle sensor offer a huge potential of detecting gearbox deviations. This paper aims to use SE to reduce gearbox compliances with a feed forward, adaptive neural control. The control network is trained with a second network for system identification. The presented algorithm is capable of online application and optimizes the robot accuracy in a nonlinear simulation.

Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, eine lokale Version des Programmpakets Turbomole um eine Methode zu erweitern, die die Berechnung elektronischer Anregungsenergien und Übergangsmomente unter Berücksichtigung der Spin-Bahn-Wechselwirkung mit Hilfe quasirelativistischer zeitabhängiger Dichtefunktionaltheorie (TD-DFT) ermöglicht. Dazu wurde ein bereits existierender zweikomponentiger TD-DFT-Ansatz verwendet und so erweitert, dass auch offenschalige Systeme mit gradientenkorrigier ten Funktionalen berechnet werden können. Die gewählte Implementierung ist unabhängig von der zweikomponentigen Methode, die Tatsache, dass die Molekülorbitale in einem quasirelativistischen Formalismus durch zweikomponentige, komplexe Spinoren dargestellt werden, erforderte jedoch die weitestgehende Verwendung komplexer Arithmetik. Des Weiteren wurde das Verhalten des implementierten Austausch-Korrelations-Kernels (XC-Kernel), die Schlüsselgröße der TD-DFT, für kleine Spindichten untersucht. Dabei konnte gezeigt werden, dass die numerische Berechnung der Matrixelemente des XC-Kernels an Punkten des Integrationsgitters, für die die Spindichte gegen null geht, ihr Gradient hingegen nicht, durchaus problematisch ist und eine Regularisierung des XC-Kernels erfordert. Alternativen zur Regularisierung, wie beispielsweise die Verwendung eines Kernels ohne Gradiententerme oder Modifikationen am Funktional selbst, sind in der Literatur bekannt, im Rahmen dieser Arbeit konnte jedoch ein Ansatz entwickelt werden, der keine Veränderungen am Funktional erfordert und die Verwendung eines Kernels mit Gradientenkorrektur ermöglicht. Dazu wurde das Integrationsgitter in zwei Bereiche, abhängig von der Spindichte und ihrem Gradienten, eingeteilt. In den jeweiligen Bereichen wird nun zur Berechnung der Matrixelemente entweder der XC-Kernel für offen- oder geschlossenschalige Systeme verwendet. Für einen möglichst „glatten“ Übergang zwischen den beiden Bereichen wurde ein weiterer Bereich definiert, in dem ein mit einer Umschaltfunktion gewichteter Mittelwert beider Grenzfälle verwendet wird. Mit dem im Rahmen dieser Arbeit entwickelten Programm ist es nun möglich, basierend auf einer zweikomponentigen Rechnung am offen- oder geschlossenschaligen Grundzustand, TD-DFT-Rechnungen mit gängigen Standarddichtefunktionalen durchzuführen. Da sowohl spinerhaltende als auch spin flip Anregungen berücksichtigt werden, erhält man mit einem Eindeterminantenansatz Informationen, die sonst nur mit Hilfe von deutlich aufwendigeren Mehrdeterminantenansätzen zugänglich sind.

Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are essential enzymes for the regulation of pathways mediated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Secondary plant compounds like anthocyanins (ACs) can inhibit PDE activity and, consequently, may be beneficial for lipid metabolism. This study investigated 18 AC-rich juice extracts and pure reference compounds from red fruits for potential inhibitory effects on PDE 3B activity. Extracts were obtained through adsorption on Amberlite® XAD 7 resin. Based on this screening, the chokeberry, blueberry, pomegranate, and cranberry extracts were active, with half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) ranging from 163 ± 3 µg/mL to 180 ± 3 µg/mL. The ACs in these extracts, peonidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-arabinoside, were the most active single compounds (IC50 = 56 ± 20 µg/mL, 108 ± 6 µg/mL). All extracts comprised high amounts of phenolic compounds, as determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu assay, ranging from 39.8 ± 1.5 to 73.5 ± 4.8 g gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g extract. Pomegranate and chokeberry extracts exhibited the largest amounts of polyphenols (72.3 ± 0.7 g GAE/100 g, 70.6 ± 4.1 g GAE/100 g, respectively). Overall, our results showed that fruit juice extracts and their ACs can inhibit PDE activity. Any potential health benefits in vivo will be investigated in the future.

Coating of particles is a widely used technique in order to obtain the desired surface modification of the final product, e.g., specific color or taste. Especially in the pharmaceutical industry, rotor granulators are used to produce round, coated pellets. In this work, the coating process in a rotor granulator is investigated numerically using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) coupled with the discrete element method (DEM). The droplets are generated as a second particulate phase in DEM. A liquid bridge model is implemented in the DEM model to take the capillary and viscous forces during the wet contact of the particles into account. A coating model is developed, where the drying of the liquid layer on the particles, as well as the particle growth, is considered. The simulation results of the dry process compared to the simulations with liquid injection show an important influence of the liquid on the particle dynamics. The formation of liquid bridges and the viscous forces in the liquid layer lead to an increase of the average particle velocity and contact time. Changing the injection rate of water has an influence on the contact duration but no significant effect on the particle dynamics. In contrast, the aqueous binder solution has an important influence on the particle movement.

Clean silica surfaces have a high surface energy. In consequence, colliding silica nanoparticles will stick rather than bounce over a wide range of collision velocities. Often, however, silica surfaces are passivated by adsorbates, in particular water, which considerably reduce the surface energy. We study the effect of surface hydroxylation on silica nanoparticle collisions by atomistic simulation, using the REAX potential that allows for bond breaking and formation. We find that the bouncing velocity is reduced by more than an order of magnitude compared to clean nanoparticle collisions

Die Felix-Klein-Modellierungswoche ist eine Projektwoche für Schülerinnen und Schüler der gymnasialen Oberstufe. Wir beschreiben hier die Projekte, die während der Modellierungswoche im Dezember 2020 durchgeführt wurden. Der Themenschwerpunkt der Veranstaltung lautete "Digitaler Wandel".

Simplified ODE models describing blood flow rate are governed by the pressure gradient. However, assuming the orientation of the blood flow in a human body correlates to a positive direction, a negative pressure gradient forces the valve to shut, which stops the flow through the valve, hence, the flow rate is zero, whereas the pressure rate is formulated by an ODE. Presence of ODEs together with algebraic constraints and sudden changes of system characterizations yield systems of switched differential-algebraic equations (swDAEs). Alternating dynamics of the heart can be well modelled by means of swDAEs. Moreover, to study pulse wave propagation in arteries and veins, PDE models have been developed. Connection between the heart and vessels leads to coupling PDEs and swDAEs. This model motivates to study PDEs coupled with swDAEs, for which the information exchange happens at PDE boundaries, where swDAE provides boundary conditions to the PDE and PDE outputs serve as inputs to swDAE. Such coupled systems occur, e.g. while modelling power grids using telegrapher’s equations with switches, water flow networks with valves and district heating networks with rapid consumption changes. Solutions of swDAEs might include jumps, Dirac impulses and their derivatives of arbitrary high orders. As outputs of swDAE read as boundary conditions of PDE, a rigorous solution framework for PDE must be developed so that jumps, Dirac impulses and their derivatives are allowed at PDE boundaries and in PDE solutions. This is a wider solution class than solutions of small bounded variation (BV), for instance, used in where nonlinear hyperbolic PDEs are coupled with ODEs. Similarly, in, the solutions to switched linear PDEs with source terms are restricted to the class of BV. However, in the presence of Dirac impulses and their derivatives, BV functions cannot handle the coupled systems including DAEs with index greater than one. Therefore, hyperbolic PDEs coupled with swDAEs with index one will be studied in the BV setting and with swDAEs whose index is greater than one will be investigated in the distributional sense. To this end, the 1D space of piecewise-smooth distributions is extended to a 2D piecewise-smooth distributional solution framework. 2D space of piecewise-smooth distributions allows trace evaluations at boundaries of the PDE. Moreover, a relationship between solutions to coupled system and switched delay DAEs is established. The coupling structure in this thesis forms a rather general framework. In fact, any arbitrary network, where PDEs are represented by edges and (switched) DAEs by nodes, is covered via this structure. Given a network, by rescaling spatial domains which modifies the coefficient matrices by a constant, each PDE can be defined on the same interval which leads to a formulation of a single PDE whose unknown is made up of the unknowns of each PDE that are stacked over each other with a block diagonal coefficient matrix. Likewise, every swDAE is reformulated such that the unknowns are collected above each other and coefficient matrices compose a block diagonal coefficient matrix so that each node in the network is expressed as a single swDAE. The results are illustrated by numerical simulations of the power grid and simplified circulatory system examples. Numerical results for the power grid display the evolution of jumps and Dirac impulses caused by initial and boundary conditions as a result of instant switches. On the other hand, the analysis and numerical results for the simplified circulatory system do not entail a Dirac impulse, for otherwise such an entity would destroy the entire system. Yet jumps in the flow rate in the numerical results can come about due to opening and closure of valves, which suits clinical and physiological findings. Regarding physiological parameters, numerical results obtained in this thesis for the simplified circulatory system agree well with medical data and findings from literature when compared for the validation

Injektionsanker haben sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten zu einem üblichen Befesti- gungsmittel entwickelt. Mit dem gestiegenen Einsatz sind auch die Anforderungen an die Tragfähigkeit und die Einsatzfelder gestiegen. So wird inzwischen häufig auch eine Qualifizierung von Injektionsankern für den Brandfall gefordert. Parallel ist das Wissen über den Tragmechanismus unter Brandeinwirkung bisher gering und Richt- linien zur Bewertung des Feuerwiderstands fehlen. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit werden die Einwirkungen, die durch ein Brandereignis verursacht werden, anhand von stati- schen Berechnungen und thermisch-transienten Simulationen ermittelt. Des Weiteren wird die Tragfähigkeit und das Tragverhalten von Injektionsankern im Temperaturbe- reich von 20 °C und 400 °C experimentell untersucht. Die Einflussfaktoren auf die Verbundspannungs-Temperaturbeziehung von Injektionsmörteln, wie der Durchmes- ser der Ankerstange, die Betonfeuchte, innere und äußere Spannungen und die Art der Versuchsdurchführung werden bewertet. Außerdem werden Feuerwiderstände ge- genüber Stahlversagen von Gewindestangen nach 30 min, 60 min, 90 min und 120 min angegeben, die durch die Auswertung zahlreicher experimenteller Untersuchungen ermittelt wurden. Insgesamt zeigt die Forschungsarbeit auf, wie Komplex die Einwir- kungen und die Einflussfaktoren auf die Tragfähigkeit von Injektionsankern im Brandfall sind. Es können Feuerwiderstände bzw. Berechnungsansätze zur Bestimmung von Feuerwiderständen von Injektionsankern gegeben werden, die auf der sicheren Seite liegende Ergebnisse liefern. Eine Bestätigung der Ergebnisse durch Realbrandversu- che kann nicht gänzlich ersetzt werden.

LinTim is a scientific software toolbox that has been under development since 2007, giving the possibility to solve the various planning steps in public transportation. Although the name originally derives from "Lineplanning and Timetabling", the available functions have grown far beyond this scope. This document is the documentation for version 2020.12. For more information, see https://www.lintim.net

To achieve the Paris climate protection goals there is an urgent need for action in the energy sector. Innovative concepts in the fields of short-term flexibility, long-term energy storage and energy conversion are required to defossilize all sectors by 2040. Water management is already involved in this field with biogas production and power generation and partly with using flexibility options. However, further steps are possible. Additionally, from a water management perspective, the elimination of organic micropollutants (OMP) is increasingly important. In this feasibility study a concept is presented, reacting to energy surplus and deficits from the energy grid and thus providing the needed long-term storage in combination with the elimination of OMP in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The concept is based on the operation of an electrolyzer, driven by local power production on the plant (photovoltaic (PV), combined heat and power plant (CHP)-units) as well as renewable energy from the grid (to offer system service: automatic frequency restoration reserve (aFRR)), to produce hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen is fed into the local gas grid and oxygen used for micropollutant removal via upgrading it to ozone. The feasibility of such a concept was examined for the WWTP in Mainz (Germany). It has been shown that despite partially unfavorable boundary conditions concerning renewable surplus energy in the grid, implementing electrolysis operated with regenerative energy in combination with micropollutant removal using ozonation and activated carbon filter is a reasonable and sustainable option for both, the climate and water protection

Many machine learning models show black box characteristics and, therefore, a lack of transparency, interpretability, and trustworthiness. This strongly limits their practical application in clinical contexts. For overcoming these limitations, Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has shown promising results. The current study examined the influence of different input representations on a trained model’s accuracy, interpretability, as well as clinical relevancy using XAI methods. The gait of 27 healthy subjects and 20 subjects after total hip arthroplasty (THA) was recorded with an inertial measurement unit (IMU)-based system. Three different input representations were used for classification. Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME) was used for model interpretation. The best accuracy was achieved with automatically extracted features (mean accuracy Macc = 100%), followed by features based on simple descriptive statistics (Macc = 97.38%) and waveform data (Macc = 95.88%). Globally seen, sagittal movement of the hip, knee, and pelvis as well as transversal movement of the ankle were especially important for this specific classification task. The current work shows that the type of input representation crucially determines interpretability as well as clinical relevance. A combined approach using different forms of representations seems advantageous. The results might assist physicians and therapists finding and addressing individual pathologic gait patterns

Red fruits and their juices are rich sources of polyphenols, especially anthocyanins. Some studies have shown that such polyphenols can inhibit enzymes of the carbohydrate metabolism, such as α-amylase and α-glucosidase, that indirectly regulate blood sugar levels. The presented study examined the in vitro inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase of various phenolic extracts prepared from direct juices, concentrates, and purees of nine different berries which differ in their anthocyanin and copigment profile. Generally, the extracts with the highest phenolic content—aronia (67.7 ± 3.2 g GAE/100 g; cyanidin 3-galactoside; chlorogenic acid), pomegranate (65.7 ± 7.9 g GAE/100 g; cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside; punicalin), and red grape (59.6 ± 2.5 g GAE/100 g; malvidin 3-glucoside; quercetin 3-glucuronide)—showed also one of the highest inhibitory activities against α-amylase (326.9 ± 75.8 µg/mL; 789.7 ± 220.9 µg/mL; 646.1 ± 81.8 µg/mL) and α-glucosidase (115.6 ± 32.5 µg/mL; 127.8 ± 20.1 µg/mL; 160.6 ± 68.4 µg/mL) and, partially, were even more potent inhibitors than acarbose (441 ± 30 µg/mL; 1439 ± 85 µg/mL). Additionally, the investigation of single anthocyanins and glycosylated flavonoids demonstrated a structure- and size-dependent inhibitory activity. In the future in vivo studies are envisaged.

We propose a model for glioma patterns in a microlocal tumor environment under the influence of acidity, angiogenesis, and tissue anisotropy. The bottom-up model deduction eventually leads to a system of reaction–diffusion–taxis equations for glioma and endothelial cell population densities, of which the former infers flux limitation both in the self-diffusion and taxis terms. The model extends a recently introduced (Kumar, Li and Surulescu, 2020) description of glioma pseudopalisade formation with the aim of studying the effect of hypoxia-induced tumor vascularization on the establishment and maintenance of these histological patterns which are typical for high-grade brain cancer. Numerical simulations of the population level dynamics are performed to investigate several model scenarios containing this and further effects.

Verkündungsblatt der TU Kaiserslautern Nr. 6/14.12.2020

In dieser Masterarbeit wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie erklärt werden kann, dass es bisher kein Bundeszentralabitur in Deutschland gibt. Vor dem Hintergrund der Theorie des Historischen Institutionalismus und dem Konzept der Pfadabhängigkeit werden handlungsleitende Akteure, ihre Positionen und Begründungen identifiziert. Kritische Situationen seit dem PISA-Schock mit der Möglichkeit der Einführung eines Bundeszentralabiturs sowie Mechanismen der Stagnation und Zeichen des Wandels werden mithilfe einer Dokumentenanalyse untersucht.

The plasma membrane transporter SOS1 (SALT-OVERLY SENSITIVE1) is vital for plant survival under salt stress. SOS1 activity is tightly regulated, but little is known about the underlying mechanism. SOS1 contains a cytosolic, autoinhibitory C-terminal tail (abbreviated as SOS1 C-term), which is targeted by the protein kinase SOS2 to trigger its transport activity. Here, to identify additional binding proteins that regulate SOS1 activity, we synthesized the SOS1 C-term domain and used it as bait to probe Arabidopsis thaliana cell extracts. Several 14-3-3 proteins, which function in plant salt tolerance, specifically bound to and interacted with the SOS1 C-term. Compared to wild-type plants, when exposed to salt stress, Arabidopsis plants overexpressing SOS1 C-term showed improved salt tolerance, significantly reduced Na+ accumulation in leaves, reduced induction of the salt-responsive gene WRKY25, decreased soluble sugar, starch, and proline levels, less impaired inflorescence formation and increased biomass. It appears that overexpressing SOS1 C-term leads to the sequestration of inhibitory 14-3-3 proteins, allowing SOS1 to be more readily activated and leading to increased salt tolerance. We propose that the SOS1 C-term binds to previously unknown proteins such as 14-3-3 isoforms, thereby regulating salt tolerance. This finding uncovers another regulatory layer of the plant salt tolerance program

Verkehrsflächenbürtige Feststoffe enthalten Schadstoffe wie Schwermetalle, die im Regenereignis abfließen und in Gewässern toxisch wirken können. Da ein großer Teil vieler Schwermetalle partikulär vorliegt, können diese durch eine Behandlung mittels Sedimentation zurückgehalten werden. Zur Optimierung des Feststoff- und damit Schadstoffrückhaltes ist eine Erweiterung des Kenntnisstandes zum Absetzverhalten schadstofftragender Feststoffe nötig. Es ist bekannt, dass das Schadstoffaufkommen standortspezifisch variiert. Bezüglich der für die Sedimentation absetzrelevanten Kenngrößen wie Partikelgröße und Dichte wurde der Einfluss standortspezifischer Randbedingungen auf die Zusammensetzung noch nicht umfassend untersucht. Weiter mangelt es an einer Methode zur Messung des Absetzverhaltens unter kontrollierten Bedingungen. Diese Arbeit liefert hierzu einen Beitrag. Anhand einer Literaturstudie zu Feststoffdepositionen und -abflüssen von Verkehrsflächen wurde für die absetzrelevanten Kenngrößen Partikelgröße, -form, -dichte und organischer Anteil eine Metadatenauswertung hinsichtlich methoden- und standortspezifischen Randbedingungen durchgeführt. Für organische Anteile in Abflüssen konnte eine gesicherte Datengrundlage und Durchschnittswerte ermittelt werden. Die Datengrundlage für die weiteren Kenngrößen ist bislang gering. Der Mangel an Befunden zu absetzrelevanten Kenngrößen unterstreicht die Notwendigkeit vertiefter Untersuchungen zur Charakterisierung verkehrsflächenbürtiger Feststoffe. In einem umfangreichen Messprogramm wurden an zehn Standorten in Frankfurt am Main von 2016 bis 2018 Feststoffe in der Trockenperiode auf der Verkehrsfläche gewonnen und hinsichtlich der genannten absetzrelevanten Kenngrößen untersucht. Standortspezifische Einflüsse wurden statistisch nachgewiesen. Feststoffaufkommen und deren Partikelgröße liegen unabhängig vom Standort nur mit geringer Variabilität vor. Es besteht ein positiver Zusammenhang zwischen der Verkehrsstärke und dem Feststoffaufkommen. Organische Anteile sind eine Funktion der vorherrschenden Vegetation am Standort. Sie variieren saisonal. Es konnte ein negativ linearer Zusammenhang zwischen der Dichte und den organischen Anteilen nachgewiesen werden. Diese Arbeit liefert damit eine neue Datengrundlage für die Modellierung von Transportprozessen von Feststoffen und ihren absetzrelevanten Kenngrößen von unterschiedlichen Verkehrsflächen. Weiter wurde ein Laborverfahren zur Bestimmung des Absetzverhaltens verkehrsflächenbürtiger Feststoffe in konstanter Zusammensetzung (Partikelgrößenverteilung und Feststoffkonzentration) entwickelt und mit der geschaffenen Datengrundlage validiert. Es wurden erste Erkenntnisse zum Absetzverhalten von Feststoffen, organischen Anteilen und Schwermetallen gewonnen. Im untersuchten Szenario sedimentieren die Partikel diskret bedingt durch die Partikelgröße und organischen Anteile. Das Absetzverhalten der Schwermetalle korreliert mit den Feststoffen. Überproportional hohe Schwermetallkonzentrationen in feinen Partikelanteilen bedeuten jedoch eine verringerte Absetzbarkeit der jeweiligen Schwermetallanteile. Für die Behandlung von Abflüssen aus Verkehrsflächen mit viel Vegetation am Standort legen diese Ergebnisse nahe, dass mit reduzierten Feststoffwirkungsgraden aufgrund verminderter Absetzbarkeit leichterer Bestandteile mit geringer Dichte zu rechnen ist. Mit den Laborergebnissen konnte ein starker positiver Zusammenhang zwischen dem Feststoff- und Schadstoffwirkungsgrad bestätigt werden. Die Verteilung der Schwermetalle in Partikelgrößenklassen einer Feststoffprobe ist neben den organischen Anteilen und der Dichte ein wichtiger Parameter zur Einschätzung der Absetzbarkeit bei diskretem Absetzverhalten.

Die Arbeit beschäftigt sich zunächst damit, was Schulentwicklung umfasst, welche Rolle die Teamentwicklung spielt und welche zentrale Stellung die Schulleitung, allen voran die Schulleiterin bzw. der Schulleiter, hierbei innehat. Daran anschließend wird konkret auf die Besonderheiten der Gemeinschaftsschule in Baden-Württemberg eingegangen und die damit verbundenen Herausforderungen für eine positive Schulentwicklung betrachtet. Abschließend wird die Frage beantwortet, wie die Schulleitung Teamentwicklung an einer Gemeinschaftsschule für eine positive Schulentwicklung initiieren, fördern, begleiten und implementieren kann. Die Ergebnisse münden in einer Handreichung für Schulleitungen an Gemeinschaftsschulen.

Dieser Arbeits- und Forschungsbericht beschreibt die Analyse der Wirkung der durch das Teil- projekt etablierten (Weiter-)Bildungsangebote an der Hochschule Kaiserslautern. Zu diesem Zweck wurden sowohl in der Programmentwicklung beteiligte Unternehmen als auch die Stu- dierenden, welche die entwickelten Angebote derzeit wahrnehmen, befragt. Ziel war es, unter anderem die Zielgruppenerreichung, einen Outcome sowie einen Impact messbar zu machen und zu analysieren. Aus den gewonnen Ergebnissen lassen sich Rückschlüsse auf die anvi- sierte Wirkung der (Weiter-)Bildungsangebote zum einen auf Studierende und zum anderen auf die in der Region ansässigen Unternehmen ziehen. Gleichzeitig wird der Bekanntheitsgrad der Hochschule Kaiserslautern als Bildungsträgerin analysiert und wichtige Erkenntnisse für die nachhaltige Qualitätssicherung der wissenschaftlichen (Weiter-)Bildung gezogen.