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Scale-Space Properties of Nonlinear Diffusion Filtering with a Diffusion Tensor (1994)

Joachim Weickert

In spite of its lack of theoretical justification, nonlinear diffusion filtering has become a powerful image enhancement tool in the recent years. The goal of the present paper is to provide a mathematical foundation for nonlinear diffusion filtering as a scale-space transformation which is flexible enough to simplify images without loosing the capability of enhancing edges. By stuying the Lyapunow functional, it is shown that nonlinear diffusion reduces Lp norms and central moments and increases the entropy of images. The proposed anisotropic class utilizes a diffusion tensor which may be adapted to the image structure. It permits existence, uniqueness and regularity results, the solution depends continuously on the initial image, and it fulfills an extremum principle. All considerations include linear and certain nonlinear isotropic models and apply to m-dimensional vector-valued images. The results are juxtaposed to linear and morphological scale-spaces.

A kinetic model for vehicular traffic: Existence of stationary solutions (1998)

Reinhard Illner Axel Klar H. Lange Andreas Unterreiter Raimund Wegener

In this paper the kinetic model for vehicular traffic developed in [3,4] is considered and theoretical results for the space homogeneous kinetic equation are presented. Existence and uniqueness results for the time dependent equation are stated. An investigation of the stationary equation leads to a boundary value problem for an ordinary differential equation. Existence of the solution and some properties are proved. A numerical investigation of the stationary equation is included.

The Quantum Zero Space Charge Model for Semiconductors (1999)

Andreas Unterreiter

The thermal equilibrium state of a bipolar, isothermal quantum fluid confined to a bounded domain \(\Omega\subset I\!\!R^d,d=1,2\) or \( d=3\) is the minimizer of the total energy \({\mathcal E}_{\epsilon\lambda}\); \({\mathcal E}_{\epsilon\lambda}\) involves the squares of the scaled Planck's constant \(\epsilon\) and the scaled minimal Debye length \(\lambda\). In applications one frequently has \(\lambda^2\ll 1\). In these cases the zero-space-charge approximation is rigorously justified. As \(\lambda \to 0 \), the particle densities converge to the minimizer of a limiting quantum zero-space-charge functional exactly in those cases where the doping profile satisfies some compatibility conditions. Under natural additional assumptions on the internal energies one gets an differential-algebraic system for the limiting \((\lambda=0)\) particle densities, namely the quantum zero-space-charge model. The analysis of the subsequent limit \(\epsilon \to 0\) exhibits the importance of quantum gaps. The semiclassical zero-space-charge model is, for small \(\epsilon\), a reasonable approximation of the quantum model if and only if the quantum gap vanishes. The simultaneous limit \(\epsilon =\lambda \to 0\) is analyzed.

A Singular-Perturbed Two-Phase Stefan Problem Due to Slow Diffusion (1999)

Jens Struckmeier Andreas Unterreiter

The asymptotic behaviour of a singular-perturbed two-phase Stefan problem due to slow diffusion in one of the two phases is investigated. In the limit the model equations reduce to a one-phase Stefan problem. A boundary layer at the moving interface makes it necessary to use a corrected interface condition obtained from matched asymptotic expansions. The approach is validated by numerical experiments using a front-tracking method.

Equidistribution on the Sphere (1995)

Willi Freeden J. Cui

A concept of generalized discrepancy, which involves pseudodifferential operators to give a criterion of equidistributed pointsets, is developed on the sphere. A simply structured formula in terms of elementary functions is established for the computation of the generalized discrepancy. With the help of this formula five kinds of point systems on the sphere, namely lattices in polar coordinates, transformed 2-dimensional sequences, rotations on the sphere, triangulation, and sum of three squares sequence, are investigated. Quantitative tests are done, and the results are compared with each other. Our calculations exhibit different orders of convergence of the generalized discrepancy for different types of point systems.

Boltzmann Simulation by Particle Methods (1994)

Helmut Neunzert Jens Struckmeier

Particle methods to simulate rarefied gas flows have found an increasing interest in Computational Fluid Dynamics during the last decade, see for example [1], [2], [3] and [4]. The general goal is to develop numerical schemes which are reliable enough to substitute real windtunnel experiments, needed for example in space research, by computer experiments. In order to achieve this goal one needs numerical methods solving the Boltzmann equation including all important physical effects. In general this means 3D computations for a chemically reacting rarefied gas. With codes of this kind at hand, Boltzmann simulation becomes a powerful tool in studying rarefied gas phenomena.

Classification of Location Problems (1999)

Horst W. Hamacher Stefan Nickel Anja Schneider

There are several good reasons to introduce classification schemes for optimization problems including, for instance, the ability for concise problem statement opposed to verbal, often ambiguous, descriptions or simple data encoding and information retrieval in bibliographical information systems or software libraries. In some branches like scheduling and queuing theory classification is therefore a widely accepted and appreciated tool. The aim of this paper is to propose a 5-position classification which can be used to cover all location problems. We will provide a list of currentliy available symbols and indicate its usefulness in a - necessarily non-comprehensive - list of classical location problems. The classification scheme is in use since 1992 and has since proved to be useful in research, software development, classroom, and for overview articles.

A Finite Difference Interpretation of the Lattice Boltzmann Method (1999)

Michael Junk

Compared to conventional techniques in computational fluid dynamics, the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) seems to be a completely different approach to solve the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The aim of this article is to correct this impression by showing the close relation of LBM to two standard methods: relaxation schemes and explicit finite difference discretizations. As a side effect, new starting points for a discretization of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are obtained.

A Wavelet-Based Test for Stationarity (1997)

Rainer von Sachs Michael H. Neumann

We develop a test for stationarity of a time series against the alternative of a time-changing covariance structure. Using localized versions of the periodogram, we obtain empirical versions of a reasonable notion of a time-varying spectral density. Coefficients w.r.t. a Haar wavelet series expansion of such a time-varying periodogram are a possible indicator whether there is some deviation from covariance stationarity. We propose a test based on the limit distribution of these empirical coefficients.

Four characterizations of scalar-type operators with spectrum in a half-line (1997)

Peter Vieten

\(C^0\)-scalar-type spectrality criterions for operators \(A\), whose resolvent set contains the negative reals, are provided. The criterions are given in terms of growth conditions on the resolvent of \(A\) and the semi-group generated by \(A\).These criterions characterize scalar-type operators on the Banach space \(X\), if and only if \(X\) has no subspace isomorphic to the space of complex null-sequences.

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