Report in Wirtschaftsmathematik (WIMA Report)
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2
In this paper we prove a reduction result for the number of criteria in convex multiobjective optimization. This result states that to decide wheter a point x in the decision space is pareto optimal it suffices to consider at most n? criteria at a time, where n is the dimension of the decision space. The main theorem is based on a geometric characterization of pareto, strict pareto and weak pareto solutions
3
In this paper we deal with locating a line in the plane. If d is a distance measure our objective is to find a straight line l which minimizes f(l) of g(l) (see the paper for the definition of these functions). We show that for all distance measures d derived from norms, one of the lines minimizing f(l) contains at least two of the existing facilities. For the center objective we always get an optimal line which is at maximum distance from at least three of the existing facilities. If all weights are equal, there is an optimal line which is parallel to one facet of the convex hull of the existing facilities.
4
In this paper a group of participants of the 12th European Summer Institute which took place in Tenerifa, Spain in June 1995 present their views on the state of the art and the future trends in Locational Analysis. The issue discussed includes modelling aspects in discrete, network and continuous location, heuristic techniques, the state of technology and undesirable facility location. Some general questions are stated reagrding the applicability of location models, promising research directions and the way technology affects the development of solution techniques.
5
Given a finite set of points in the plane and a forbidden region R, we want to find a point X not an element of int(R), such that the weighted sum to all given points is minimized. This location problem is a variant of the well-known Weber Problem, where we measure the distance by polyhedral gauges and allow each of the weights to be positive or negative. The unit ball of a polyhedral gauge may be any convex polyhedron containing the origin. This large class of distance functions allows very general (practical) settings - such as asymmetry - to be modeled. Each given point is allowed to have its own gauge and the forbidden region R enables us to include negative information in the model. Additionally the use of negative and positive weights allows to include the level of attraction or dislikeness of a new facility. Polynomial algorithms and structural properties for this global optimization problem (d.c. objective function and a non-convex feasible set) based on combinatorial and geometrical methods are presented.
6
The problem of finding an optimal location X* minimizing the maximum Euclidean distance to existing facilities is well solved by e.g. the Elzinga-Hearn algorithm. In practical situations X* will however often not be feasible. We therefore suggest in this note a polynomial algorithm which will find an optimal location X^F in a feasible subset F of the plane R^2
7
In the following, we discuss a procedure for interpolating a spatial-temporal stochastic process. We stick to a particular, moderately general model but the approach can be easily transered to other similar problems. The original data, which motivated this work, are measurements of gas concentrations (SO2, NO, O2) and several meteorological parameters (temperature, sun radiation, procipitation, wind speed etc.). These date have been and are still recorded twice every hour at several irregularly located places in the forests of the state Rheinland-Pfalz as part of a program monitoring the air pollution in the forests.
8
In this paper we consider the problem of finding in a given graph a minimal weight subtree of connected subgraph, which has a given number of edges. These NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems have various applications in the oil industry, in facility layout and graph partitioning. We will present different heuristic approaches based on spanning tree and shortest path methods and on an exact algorithm solving the problem in polynomial time if the underlying graph is a tree. Both the edge- and node weighted case are investigated and extensive numerical results on the behaviour of the heuristics compared to optimal solutions are presented. The best heuristic yielded results within an error margin of less than one percent from optimality for most cases. In a large percentage of tests even optimal solutions have been found.
10
We consider a multiple objective linear program (MOLP) max{Cx|Ax = b,x in N_{0}^{n}} where C = (c_ij) is the p x n - matrix of p different objective functions z_i(x) = c_{i1}x_1 + ... + c_{in}x_n , i = 1,...,p and A is the m x n - matrix of a system of m linear equations a_{k1}x_1 + ... + a_{kn}x_n = b_k , k=1,...,m which form the set of constraints of the problem. All coefficients are assumed to be natural numbers or zero. The set M of admissable solutions {hat x} is an admissible solution such that there exists no other admissable solution x' with C{hat x} Cx'. The efficient solutions play the role of optimal solutions for the MOLP and it is our aim to determine the set of all efficient solutions
12
In this paper we give the definition of a solution concept in multicriteria combinatorial optimization. We show how Pareto, max-ordering and lexicographically optimal solutions can be incorporated in this framework. Furthermore we state some properties of lexicographic max-ordering solutions, which combine features of these three kinds of optimal solutions. Two of these properties, which are desirable from a decision maker" s point of view, are satisfied if and only of the solution concept is that of lexicographic max-ordering.
13
The Weber Problem for a given finite set of existing facilities {cal E}x = {Ex_1,Ex_2, ... ,Ex_M} subset R^2 with positive weights w_m (m = 1, ... ,M) is to find a new fcility X* such that sum_{m=1}^{M} w_{m}d(X,Ex_m) is minimized for some distance function d. A variation of this problem is obtained of the existing facilities are situated on two sides of a linear barrier. Such barriers like rivers, highways, borders or mountain ranges are frequently encountered in practice. Structural results as well as algorithms for this non-convex optimization problem depending on the distance function and on the number and location of passages through the barrier are presented. A reduction to convex optimization problems is used to derive efficient algorithms.