Berichte der Arbeitsgruppe Technomathematik (AGTM Report)
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275
Laser-induced thermotherapy (LITT) is an established minimally invasive percutaneous technique of tumor ablation. Nevertheless, there is a need to predict the effect of laser applications and optimizing irradiation planning in LITT. Optical attributes (absorption, scattering) change due to thermal denaturation. The work presents the possibility to identify these temperature dependent parameters from given temperature measurements via an optimal control problem. The solvability of the optimal control problem is analyzed and results of successful implementations are shown.
274
An optimal control problem for a mathematical model of a melt spinning process is considered. Newtonian and non--Newtonian models are used to describe the rheology of the polymeric material, the fiber is made of. The extrusion velocity of the polymer at the spinneret as well as the velocity and temperature of the quench air serve as control variables. A constrained optimization problem is derived and the first--order optimality system is set up to obtain the adjoint equations. Numerical solutions are carried out using a steepest descent algorithm.
273
We present an optimal control approach for the isothermal film casting process with free surfaces described by averaged Navier-Stokes equations. We control the thickness of the film at the take-up point using the shape of the nozzle. The control goal consists in finding an even thickness profile. To achieve this goal, we minimize an appropriate cost functional. The resulting minimization problem is solved numerically by a steepest descent method. The gradient of the cost functional is approximated using the adjoint variables of the problem with fixed film width. Numerical simulations show the applicability of the proposed method.
270
We study nonlinear finite element discretizations for the density gradient equation in the quantum drift diffusion model. Especially, we give a finite element description of the so--called nonlinear scheme introduced by {it Ancona}. We prove the existence of discrete solutions and provide a consistency and convergence analysis, which yields the optimal order of convergence for both discretizations. The performance of both schemes is compared numerically, especially with respect to the influence of approximate vacuum boundary conditions.
269
We consider optimal design problems for semiconductor devices which are simulated using the energy transport model. We develop a descent algorithm based on the adjoint calculus and present numerical results for a ballistic diode. Further, we compare the optimal doping profile with results computed on basis of the drift diffusion model. Finally, we exploit the model hierarchy and test the space mapping approach, especially the aggressive space mapping algorithm, for the design problem. This yields a significant reduction of numerical costs and programming effort.
265
We study model reduction techniques for frequency averaging in radiative heat transfer. Especially, we employ proper orthogonal decomposition in combination with the method of snapshots to devise an automated a posteriori algorithm, which helps to reduce significantly the dimensionality for further simulations. The reliability of the surrogate models is tested and we compare the results with two other reduced models, which are given by the approximation using the weighted sum of gray gases and by an frequency averaged version of the so-called \(\mathrm{SP}_n\) model. We present several numerical results underlining the feasibility of our approach.
262
In this paper we introduce a derivative-free, iterative method for solving nonlinear ill-posed problems \(Fx=y\), where instead of \(y\) noisy data \(y_\delta\) with \(|| y-y_\delta ||\leq \delta\) are given and \(F:D(F)\subseteq X \rightarrow Y\) is a nonlinear operator between Hilbert spaces \(X\) and \(Y\). This method is defined by splitting the operator \(F\) into a linear part \(A\) and a nonlinear part \(G\), such that \(F=A+G\). Then iterations are organized as \(A u_{k+1}=y_\delta-Gu_k\). In the context of ill-posed problems we consider the situation when \(A\) does not have a bounded inverse, thus each iteration needs to be regularized. Under some conditions on the operators \(A\) and \(G\) we study the behavior of the iteration error. We obtain its stability with respect to the iteration number \(k\) as well as the optimal convergence rate with respect to the noise level \(\delta\), provided that the solution satisfies a generalized source condition. As an example, we consider an inverse problem of initial temperature reconstruction for a nonlinear heat equation, where the nonlinearity appears due to radiation effects. The obtained iteration error in the numerical results has the theoretically expected behavior. The theoretical assumptions are illustrated by a computational experiment.
261
Consider a cooling process described by a nonlinear heat equation. We are interested to recover the initial temperature from temperature measurements which are available on a part of the boundary for some time. Up to now even for the linear heat equation such a problem has been usually studied as a nonlinear ill-posed operator equation, and regularization methods involving Frechet derivatives have been applied. We propose a fast derivative-free iterative method. Numerical results are presented for the glass cooling process, where nonlinearity appears due to radiation.
260
Porous media flow of polymers with Carreau law viscosities and their application to enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is considered. Applying the homogenization method leads to a nonlinear two-scale problem. In case of a small difference between the Carreau and the Newtonian case an asymptotic expansion based on the small deviation of the viscosity from the Newtonian case is introduced. For uni-directional pressure gradients, which is a reasonable assumption in applications like EOR, auxiliary problems to decouple the micro- from the macrovariables are derived. The microscopic flow field obtained by the proposed approach is compared to the solution of the two-scale problem. Finite element calculations for an isotropic and an anisotropic pore cell geometries are used to validate the accuracy and speed-up of the proposed approach. The order of accuracy has been studied by performing the simulations up to the third order expansion for the isotropic geometry.
258
The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com. This original publication also contains further results. We study a spherical wave propagating in radius- and latitude-direction and oscillating in latitude-direction in case of fibre-reinforced linearly elastic material. A function system solving Euler's equation of motion in this case and depending on certain Bessel and associated Legendre functions is derived.