Preprints (rote Reihe) des Fachbereich Mathematik
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276
Let \(a_1,\dots,a_n\) be independent random points in \(\mathbb{R}^d\) spherically symmetrically but not necessarily identically distributed. Let \(X\) be the random polytope generated as the convex hull of \(a_1,\dots,a_n\) and for any \(k\)-dimensional subspace \(L\subseteq \mathbb{R}^d\) let \(Vol_L(X) :=\lambda_k(L\cap X)\) be the volume of \(X\cap L\) with respect to the \(k\)-dimensional Lebesgue measure \(\lambda_k, k=1,\dots,d\). Furthermore, let \(F^{(i)}\)(t):= \(\bf{Pr}\) \(\)(\(\Vert a_i \|_2\leq t\)),
\(t \in \mathbb{R}^+_0\) , be the radial distribution function of \(a_i\). We prove that the expectation
functional \(\Phi_L\)(\(F^{(1)}, F^{(2)},\dots, F^{(n)})\) := \(E(Vol_L(X)\)) is strictly decreasing in
each argument, i.e. if \(F^{(i)}(t) \le G^{(i)}(t)t\), \(t \in {R}^+_0\), but \(F^{(i)} \not\equiv G^{(i)}\), we show \(\Phi\) \((\dots, F^{(i)}, \dots\)) > \(\Phi(\dots,G^{(i)},\dots\)). The proof is clone in the more general framework
of continuous and \(f\)- additive polytope functionals.
203
The notion of Q-Gorenstein smoothings has been introduced by Kollar. ([KoJ], 6.2.3). This notion is essential for formulating Kollar's conjectures on smoothing components for rational surface singularities. He conjectures, loosely speaking, that every smoothing of a rational surface singularity can be obtained by blowing down a deformation of a partial resolution, this partial resolution having the property (among others) that the singularities occuring on it all have qG-smoothings. (For more details and precise statements see [Ko], ch. 6.). It is therefore of interest to construct singularities having qG-smoothings.
216
We present a generalization of Proth's theorem for testing certain large integers for primality. The use of Gauß sums leads to a much simpler approach to these primality criteria as compared to the earlier tests. The running time of the algorithms is bounded by a polynomial in the length of the input string. The applicability of our algorithms is linked to certain diophantine approximations of \(l\)-adic roots of unity.
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283
The first part of this paper studies a Levenberg-Marquardt scheme for nonlinear inverse problems where the corresponding Lagrange (or regularization) parameter is chosen from an inexact Newton strategy. While the convergence analysis of standard implementations based on trust region strategies always requires the invertibility of the Fréchet derivative of the nonlinear operator at the exact solution, the new Levenberg-Marquardt scheme is suitable for ill-posed problems as long as the Taylor remainder is of second order in the interpolating metric between the range and dornain
topologies. Estimates of this type are established in the second part of the paper for ill-posed parameter identification problems arising in inverse groundwater hydrology. Both, transient and steady state data are investigated. Finally, the numerical performance of the new Levenberg-Marquardt scheme is
studied and compared to a usual implementation on a realistic but synthetic 2D model problem from the engineering literature.
223
Let \(a_1, i:=1,\dots,m\), be an i.i.d. sequence taking values in \(\mathbb{R}^n\), whose convex hull is interpreted as a stochastic polyhedron \(P\). For a special class of random variables, which decompose additively relative to their boundary simplices, eg. the volume of \(P\), simple integral representations of its first two moments are given in case of rotationally symmetric distributions in order to facilitate estimations of variances or to quantify large deviations from the mean.
245
Let \(A\):= {\(a_i\mid i= 1,\dots,m\)} be an i.i.d. random sample in (\mathbb{R}^n\), which we consider a random polyhedron, either as the convex hull of the \(a_i\) or as the intersection of halfspaces {\(x \mid a ^T_i x\leq 1\)}. We introduce a class of polyhedral functionals we will call "additive-type functionals", which covers a number of polyhedral functionals discussed in different mathematical fields, where the emphasis in our contribution will be on those, which arise in linear optimization theory. The class of additive-type functionals is a suitable setting in order to unify and to simplify the asymptotic probabilistic analysis of first and second moments of polyhedral functionals. We provide examples of asymptotic results on expectations and on variances.