Kaiserslautern - Fachbereich Mathematik
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Sudakov's typical marginals, random linear functionals and a conditional central limit theorem
(1997)
V.N. Sudakov [Sud78] proved that the one-dimensional marginals of a highdimensional second order measure are close to each other in most directions. Extending this and a related result in the context of projection pursuit of P. Diaconis and D. Freedman [Dia84], we give for a probability measure P and a random (a.s.) linear functional F on a Hilbert space simple sufficient conditions under which most of the one-dimensional images of P under F are close to their canonical mixture which turns out to be almost a mixed normal distribution. Using the concept of approximate conditioning we deduce a conditional central limit theorem (theorem 3) for random averages of triangular arrays of random variables which satisfy only fairly weak asymptotic orthogonality conditions.
Diese Diplomarbeit gibt eine kurze Einführung in das Gebiet der Diffusionsprozesse (beschrieben als Lösungen stochastischer Differentialgleichungen) und der großen Abweichungen. Mit Methoden aus dem Gebiet der großen Abweichungen wird dann das asymptotische Verhalten des Bayesrisikos für die unterscheidung zweier Diffusionsprozesse untersucht.
\(C^0\)-scalar-type spectrality criterions for operators \(A\), whose resolvent set contains the negative reals, are provided. The criterions are given in terms of growth conditions on the resolvent of \(A\) and the semi-group generated by \(A\).These criterions characterize scalar-type operators on the Banach space \(X\), if and only if \(X\) has no subspace isomorphic to the space of complex null-sequences.
In the Banach space co there exists a continuous function of bounded semivariation which does not correspond to a countably additive vector measure. This result is in contrast to the scalar case, and it has consequences for the characterization of scalar-type operators. Besides this negative result we introduce the notion of functions of unconditionally bounded variation which are exactly the generators of countably additive vector measures.
We compare different notions of differentiability of a measure along a vector field on a locally convex space. We consider in the \(L^2\)-space of a differentiable measure the analoga of the classical concepts of gradient, divergence and Laplacian (which coincides with the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck
operator in the Gaussian case). We use these operators for the extension of the basic results of Malliavin and Stroock on the smoothness of finite dimensional image measures under certain nonsmooth mappings to the case of non-Gaussian measures. The proof of this extension is quite direct and does not use any Chaos-decomposition. Finally, the role of this Laplacian in the
procedure of quantization of anharmonic oscillators is discussed.
This paper is a continuation of a joint paper with B. Martin [MS] dealing with the problem of direct sum decompositions. The techniques of that paper areused to decide wether two modules are isomorphic or not. An positive answer to this question has many applications - for example for the classification ofmaximal Cohen-Macaulay module over local algebras as well as for the study of projective modules. Up to now computer algebra is normally dealing withequality of ideals or modules which depends on chosen embeddings. The present algorithm allows to switch to isomorphism classes which is more natural inthe sense of commutative algebra and algebraic geometry.
The observation of an ergodic Markov chain asymptotically allows perfect identification of the transition matrix. In this paper we determine the rate of the information contained in the first n observations, provided the unknown transition matrix belongs to a known finite set. As an essential tool we prove new refinements of the large deviation theory of the empirical pair measure of finite Markov chains. Keywords: Markov Chain, Entropy, Bayes risk, Large Deviations.
Here the self-organization property of one-dimensional Kohonen's algorithm in its 2k-neighbour setting with a general type of stimuli distribution and non-increasing learning rate is considered. We prove that the probability of self-organization for all initial values of neurons is uniformly positive. For the special case of a constant learning rate, it implies that the algorithm self-organizes with probability one.