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Vorgestellt wird ein System basierend auf einem 3D-Scanner nach dem Licht- schnitt-Prinzip mit dem es möglich ist, einen Menschen innerhalb von 1,5 Sekun- den dreidimensional zu erfassen. Mit Hilfe von Evolutionären Algorithmen wird über eine modellbasierte Dateninterpretation die Auswertung der Meßdaten betrie- ben, so daß beliebige Körpermaße ermittelt werden können. Das Ergebnis ist ein individualisiertes CAD-Modells der Person im Rechner. Ein derartiges Modell kann als virtuelle Kleiderpuppe zur Produktion von Maßbekleidung dienen.
The various uses of fiber-reinforced composites, for example in the enclosures of planes, boats and cars, generates the demand for a detailed analysis of these materials. The final goal is to optimize fibrous materials by the means of “virtual material design”. New fibrous materials are virtually created as realizations of a stochastic model and evaluated with physical simulations. In that way, materials can be optimized for specific use cases, without constructing expensive prototypes or performing mechanical experiments. In order to design a practically fabricable material, the stochastic model is first adapted to an existing material and then slightly modified. The virtual reconstruction of the existing material requires a precise knowledge of the geometry of its microstructure. The first part of this thesis describes a fiber quantification method by the means of local measurements of the fiber radius and orientation. The combination of a sparse chord length transform and inertia moments leads to an efficient and precise new algorithm. It outperforms existing approaches with the possibility to treat different fiber radii within one sample, with high precision in continuous space and comparably fast computing time. This local quantification method can be directly applied on gray value images by adapting the directional distance transforms on gray values. In this work, several approaches of this kind are developed and evaluated. Further characterization of the fiber system requires a segmentation of each single fiber. Using basic morphological operators with specific structuring elements, it is possible to derive a probability for each pixel describing if the pixel belongs to a fiber core in a region without overlapping fibers. Tracking high probabilities leads to a partly reconstruction of the fiber cores in non crossing regions. These core parts are then reconnected over critical regions, if they fulfill certain conditions ensuring the affiliation to the same fiber. In the second part of this work, we develop a new stochastic model for dense systems of non overlapping fibers with a controllable level of bending. Existing approaches in the literature have at least one weakness in either achieving high volume fractions, producing non overlapping fibers, or controlling the bending or the orientation distribution. This gap can be bridged by our stochastic model, which operates in two steps. Firstly, a random walk with the multivariate von Mises-Fisher orientation distribution defines bent fibers. Secondly, a force-biased packing approach arranges them in a non overlapping configuration. Furthermore, we provide the estimation of all parameters needed for the fitting of this model to a real microstructure. Finally, we simulate the macroscopic behavior of different microstructures to derive their mechanical and thermal properties. This part is mostly supported by existing software and serves as a summary of physical simulation applied to random fiber systems. The application on a glass fiber reinforced polymer proves the quality of the reconstruction by our stochastic model, as the effective properties match for both the real microstructure and the realizations of the fitted model. This thesis includes all steps to successfully perform virtual material design on various data sets. With novel and efficient algorithms it contributes to the science of analysis and modeling of fiber reinforced materials.
We compute three-dimensional displacement vector fields to estimate the deformation of microstructural data sets in mechanical tests. For this, we extend the well-known optical flow by Brox et al. to three dimensions, with special focus on the discretization of nonlinear terms. We evaluate our method first by synthetically deforming foams and comparing against this ground truth and second with data sets of samples that underwent real mechanical tests. Our results are compared to those from state-of-the-art algorithms in materials science and medical image registration. By a thorough evaluation, we show that our proposed method is able to resolve the displacement best among all chosen comparison methods.
In this contribution a phase field model for ductile fracture with linear isotropic hardening is presented. An energy functional consisting of an elastic energy, a plastic dissipation potential and a Griffith type fracture energy constitutes the model. The application of an unaltered radial return algorithm on element level is possible due to the choice of an appropriate coupling between the nodal degrees of freedom, namely the displacement and the crack/fracture fields. The degradation function models the mentioned coupling by reducing the stiffness of the material and the plastic contribution of the energy density in broken material. Furthermore, to solve the global system of differential equations comprising the balance of linear momentum and the quasi-static Ginzburg-Landau type evolution equation, the application of a monolithic iterative solution scheme becomes feasible. The compact model is used to perform 3D simulations of fracture in tension. The computed plastic zones are compared to the dog-bone model that is used to derive validity criteria for KIC measurements.
The fifth-generation (5G) of wireless networks promises to bring new advances, such as a huge increase in mobile data rates, a plunge in communications latency, and an increase in the quality of experience perceived by users that can cope with the ever-increasing demand in Internet traffic. However, the high cost of capital and operational expenditure (CAPEX/OPEX) of the new 5G network and the lack of a killer application hinder its rapid adoption. In this context, Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) have turned their attention to the following idea: opening up their infrastructure so that vertical businesses can leverage the new 5G network to improve their primary businesses and develop new ones. However, deploying multiple isolated vertical applications on top of the same infrastructure poses unique challenges that must be addressed. In this thesis, we provide critical contributions to developing 5G networks to accommodate different vertical applications in an isolated, flexible, and automated manner. This thesis contributions spawn on three main areas: (i) the development of an integrated fronthaul and backhaul network, (ii) the development of a network slicing overbooking algorithm, and (iii) the development of a method to mitigate the noisy neighbors' problem in a vRAN deployment.
Sensing location information in indoor scenes requires a high accuracy and is a challenging task, mainly because of multipath and NLoS (non-line-of-sight) propagation. GNSS signals cannot penetrate well in indoor environment. Satellite-based navigation and positioning systems cannot therefore be used for indoor positioning.. Other technologies have been suggested for indoor usage, among them, Wi-Fi (802.11) and 5G NR (New Radio). The primary aim of this study is to discuss the advantages and drawbacks of 5G and Wi-Fi positioning techniques for indoor localization.
This paper presents a new approach to parallel path planning for industrial robot arms with six degrees of freedom in an on-line given 3D environment. The method is based a best-first search algorithm and needs no essential off-line computations. The algorithm works in an implicitly discrete configuration space. Collisions are detected in the Cartesian workspace by hierarchical distance computation based on polyhedral models of the robot and the obstacles. By decomposing the 6D configuration space into hypercubes and cyclically mapping them onto multiple processing units, a good load distribution can be achieved. We have implemented the parallel path planner on a workstation cluster with 9 PCs and tested the planner for several benchmark environments. With optimal discretisation, the new approach usually shows very good speedups. In on-line provided environments with static obstacles, the parallel planning times are only a few seconds.
Photolysiert man [{Cp R Ru(CO)2}2] (Cp R = Cp", Cp*) (1a,b), in Gegenwart von weißem Phosphor, so können keine phosphorhaltigen Produkte isoliert werden. Setzt man [{Cp"Ru(CO)2}2] (1a) mit weißem Phosphor bei 190 °C in Dekalin um, dann lassen sich als einzige Verbindungen das Pentaphospharuthenocen-Derivat [Cp"Ru(h 5 -P5)] (3a, 6 % Ausbeute) und [Cp"2Ru2P4] (4a, 17 % Ausbeute) säulenchromatographisch abtrennen. Für 4a wird auf Grund seiner spektroskopischen Eigenschaften eine den röntgenstruktur-analytisch charakterisierten pseudo-Tripeldecker-Komplexen [{Cp R Fe}2(micro-h 4:4 -P4)] (Cp R = Cp" [35] , Cp"' [11] ) analoge Struktur mit s-cis-Tetraphosphabutadiendiyl-"Mitteldeck" vorgeschlagen; es sind jedoch auch zwei micro-h 2:2 -P2-Liganden denkbar. Die Cothermolyse von [{Cp"Ru(CO)2}2] (1a) und [Cp*Fe(h 5 -P5)] (2b) ergibt ein breites Produktbild. Während [Cp"Ru(h 5 -P5)] (3a), das chromatographisch nicht von 2b abgetrennt werden konnte, und [Cp"2Ru2P4] (4a, 6 % Ausbeute) in vergleichsweise geringen Mengen entstehen, können [{Cp"Ru}3P5] (6) in 17 % Ausbeute, [{Cp"Ru}2{Cp*Fe}P5] (7) in 7 % Ausbeute, [{Cp*Fe}2{Cp"Ru}P5] (8) in 22 % Ausbeute und [{Cp"Ru}3{Cp*Fe}(P2)2] (9) in 14 % Ausbeute isoliert werden. Für 9 wird, basierend auf den NMR-spektroskopischen Befunden, eine zu [{CpFe}4(P2)2] (10) [24] analoge Struktur mit einem hier verzerrten Dreiecksdodekaedergerüst vorge-schlagen, dessen vier Ecken der Konnektivität fünf von drei Rutheniumatomen und einem Eisenatom besetzt sind und dessen vier Ecken der Konnektivität vier zwei micro-h 2:2:1:1 -P2-Einheiten einnehmen. Es handelt sich bei 9 wie bei 10 um Cluster vom hypercloso-Typ (n+1 = 8 GEP). [30,31] Röntgenstrukturanalysen zeigen, daß 6, 7 und 8 ebenfalls verzerrt dreiecksdodekaedrische Gerüststrukturen besitzen. Damit ist auch die Struktur der bereits früher synthetisierten und spektroskopisch charakterisierten Komplexe [{Cp R Fe}3P5] (Cp R = Cp*, Cp*') (11b,c) [8] geklärt, deren NMR-Daten auf eine enge Verwandtschaft insbesondere mit 6 hinweisen. Gegenüber 9 bzw. 10 [24] mit einem M4P4-Gerüst (M = allgem. Übergangsmetallatom) ist in den Clustern 6, 7, 8 und 11b,c [8] mit M3P5-Gerüst formal ein 13 VE-Metallkomplex-fragment (Konnektivität fünf; 1 GE) durch ein Phosphoratom (3 GE) ersetzt, wodurch der Übergang zum closo-Strukturtyp des Dreiecksdodekaeders (n+1 = 9 GEP) [30,31] vollzogen wird. Die Cluster 6, 7, 8 und 11b,c [8] enthalten eine bisher unbekannte Koordinationsform der P5-Einheit. Bei der thermischen Umsetzung von [{Cp*Ru(CO)2}2] (1b) mit [Cp*Ru(h 5 -P5)] (3b) erhält man als Hauptprodukt den Dreikernkomplex [{Cp*Ru}3(P4)(P)] (17b, 62 % Ausbeute). Als einziges Nebenprodukt kann [Cp*2Ru2P4] (4b, 5 % Ausbeute) säulen-chromatographisch isoliert werden. Die NMR-Daten von 17b lassen in Analogie zum röntgenstrukturanalytisch charakterisierten [{Cp*'Fe}3(P4)(P){Mo(CO)5}] (18c) [8] auf eine cubanartige Struktur schließen, in der die fünf Phosphoratome in Form einer Isotetraphosphid-Einheit und eines einzelnen Phosphoratoms vorliegen. Die Gesamtzahl von 64 Valenzelektronen ist im Einklang mit drei Metall-Metall-Bindungen [31] . Für 4b ist wie für das voranstehend besprochene Cp"-Derivat 4a eine Pseudo- Tripeldecker-Struktur mit s-cis-Tetraphosphabutadiendiyl-"Mitteldeck" oder mit zwei micro-h 2:2 -P2-Liganden zu diskutieren. Thermolysiert man [{Cp* Ru(CO)2}2] (1c) mit 3b, so erhält man die Komplexe [Cp*'nCp*2-nRu2P4] (n = 0,1,2) (4b,d,c) und [{Cp*'Ru}n{Cp*Ru}3-n(P4)(P)] (n = 1,2,3) (17e,d,c) jeweils als nicht auftrennbare Gemische von analog aufgebauten Verbindungen, die sich nur im Zahlenverhältnis der verschiedenen Cyclopentadienyl-Liganden Cp*' und Cp* unterscheiden. In geringem Umfang beobachtet man dabei auch eine cyclo-P5-Übertragung unter Bildung des literaturbekannten [Cp*'Ru(h 5 -P5)] [7,10] , das im Gemisch mit nicht abreagiertem 3b anfällt. Durch Umsetzung mit [W(CO)5(thf)] gelingt die Komplexierung des dreiecks-dodekaedrischen Clusters [{Cp*Fe}2{Cp"Ru}P5] (8) zum Monoaddukt [{Cp*Fe}2{Cp"Ru}P5{W(CO)5}] (19), während beim Komplexierungsversuch des ebenfalls dreiecksdodekaedrischen Clusters [{Cp*'Fe}3P5] (11c) mit [Mo(CO)5(thf)] [8] eine Gerüstumlagerung zur cubanartig aufgebauten Verbindung [{Cp*'Fe}3(P4)(P){Mo(CO)5}] (18c) erfolgt. Der Strukturvorschlag für 19 basiert auf dem 31 P-NMR-Spektrum. Versuche zur Oxidation von 8 mit gelbem Schwefel bei Raumtemperatur führen zu unspezifischer Zersetzung bzw. Folgereaktionen von 8. Orientierende Versuche mit grauem Selen als milderem Oxidationsmittel deuten darauf hin, daß unter geeigneten Reaktionsbedingungen eine einfache Selenierung am endständigen Phosphoratom des P5-Liganden von 8 erfolgt. Bei der Umsetzung von [{Cp"Ru}3{Cp*Fe}(P2)2] (9) mit gelbem Schwefel können je nach Reaktionsbedingungen bis zu drei Phosphoratome oxidiert werden. Vollständige Sulfurierung wie im Falle von [{CpFe}4(P2S2)2] [24] wird nicht beobachtet. Die Sulfurierung ist regioselektiv. Für einen bestimmten Sulfurierungsgrad wird jeweils nur ein Produkt erhalten. Die Strukturvorschläge für die Cluster 21 23 werden anhand ihrer 31 P-NMR-spektroskopischen Daten abgeleitet.
[Halb]- trocken im Unterstockbereich?
„Untersuchungen meteorologisch-hydrologischer Messgrößen im Weinbau als Anpassungsstrategie an den Klimawandel sowie für eine nachhaltige Wassernutzung von Vitis vinifera [cv. Riesling]. “
Christian Ihrig & Sascha Henninger
RPTU Kaiserslautern
Der vom Menschen verursachte Klimawandel beeinflusst sowohl langfristige Klimaprozesse, als auch das aktuelle, kurzfristige Wettergeschehen in allen Regionen der Erde. Er äußert sich in einer Vielzahl an Phänomenen, die sich je nach Klimagebiet unterschiedlich manifestieren lassen oder auch unterschiedliche Auswirkungen mit sich bringen. Diese Forschungsarbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Wasserhaushalt von Weinreben im Rahmen des rezenten Klimawandels. Ziel dieses Projektes ist es, mittels meteorologisch-hydrologischen Messgrößen eine Anpassungsstrategie zu generieren, die auf alle Weinbauregionen in Rheinland-Pfalz übertragen werden kann, um Winzer*innen die Möglichkeit zu eröffnen, auf natürlicher Art und Weise der Rebe Wasser zugänglich zu machen.
Durch die Zunahme abiotischer Schäden (z.B. Niederschlag) und die Veränderung der Vegetationszeit sowie die Zunahme invasiver Schaderreger ist vermehrt eine Steigerung der Vulnerabilität des Ökosystems „Wingert“ zu erkennen. Winzer*innen werden aufgrund der Zunahme von Extremwetterereignissen (Hitze-/Dürrephasen) zur langfristigen Bewässerung ihrer Weinbauflächen gezwungen. Große Mengen Wasser werden bereits vereinzelt in Weinbergsregionen gepumpt, was langfristig hinsichtlich eines sinkenden Grundwasserspiegels einen fatalen Fehler darstellt. Die ressourcenschonende Gestaltung des Wasserhaushaltes sollte daher in den Mittelpunkt der Weinbauforschung gestellt werden. Weinbauer*innen sind an regional-/ lokalklimatischen Lösungsmöglichkeiten und Anpassungsstrategien interessiert, um Risiken für die Anbaufrucht reduzieren und auf die lokalklimatischen Auswirkungen des Klimawandels reagieren zu können. Um gegen dieses Risiko anzugehen und den Produktionsausfall zu minimieren, muss die Anpassungsfähigkeit in Sachen Wasserhaushalt der Reben bekräftigt werden. Demzufolge wird das Mikroklima in der Weinbauregion Rheinhessen mittels des Einsatzes der Scholander-Druckkammer untersucht. Die Bestimmung des Wasserstatus hinsichtlich der exakten Bewässerungssteuerung von Weinreben hat sich durch das frühmorgendliche Blattwasser- (Ψpd) und mittägliche Stammwasserpotential (Ψstem) bewährt. Physiologische Prozesse, wie die stomatäre Leitfähigkeit der Blattschließzellen sowie das vegetative Wachstum, aber auch die Photosynthese, sind direkt oder indirekt an Ψpd + Ψstem gekoppelt. Darüber hinaus lässt sich der Wasserhaushalt durch ein an Trockenstandorten angepasstes Bodenpflegesystem, wie zum Beispiel einer flächendeckenden Bodenabdeckung mittels Holzhäcksel, deutlich verbessern. Des Weiteren wird das Mikroklima im Weinberg durch die Laubwandstruktur mitbestimmt, was durch eine gesteigerte Photosyntheseleistung der Laubwand, eine optimale Belüftung und Belichtung gewährleistet wird. Im praktischen Weinbau wird dies durch die Höhe der Laubwand realisiert. Um dem Herbizid im Unterstockraum durch das anstehende Glyphosatverbot eine Alternative zu bieten, entwickelt die Landmaschinenbranche bereits heute alternative Arbeitsgeräte, die eine Möglichkeit darstellen, dem Wuchs des Unkrautes im Unterstockbereich entgegenzuwirken.
Daher ist es von gesteigertem Interesse zu analysieren, inwiefern sich eine Bodenabdeckung im Unterstockbereich von einer flächendeckenden bzw. moderaten Tropfbewässerung in Flachlage unterscheidet. Darüber hinaus sollen Möglichkeiten zur Reduzierung des Wasserverbrauchs und zur Reifeverzögerung (Verminderung des Botrytisbefalls, Verlängerung der Reifedauer, Vermeidung eines zu hohen Alkoholgehaltes) durch eine kürzere Laubwandhöhe beim Riesling in Flachlage in diesem Projekt erprobt werden. Als Versuchsvarianten dienen vier Variationen, um abgrenzbare und eindeutige Ergebnisse erzielen zu können (V1: Tropfbewässerung; V2: Unterstockabdeckung Holzhäcksel; V3: Flächendeckende Holzhäcksel; V4: Kontrollvariante).
We have presented here a two-dimensional kinetical scheme for equations governing the motion of a compressible flow of an ideal gas (air) based on the Kaniel method. The basic flux functions are computed analytically and have been used in the organization of the flux computation. The algorithm is implemented and tested for the 1D shock and 2D shock-obstacle interaction problems.
In this paper a three dimensional stochastic model for the lay-down of fibers on a moving conveyor belt in the production process of nonwoven materials is derived. The model is based on stochastic diferential equations describing the resulting position of the fiber on the belt under the influence of turbulent air ows. The model presented here is an extension of an existing surrogate model, see [6, 3].
The World Wide Web is a medium through which a manufacturer may allow Internet visitors to customize or compose his products. Due to missing or rapidly changing standards these applications are often restricted to relatively simple CGI or JAVA based scripts. Usually, results like images or movies are stored in a database and are transferred on demand to the web-user. Viper (Visualisierung parametrisch editierbarer Raumkomponenten) is a Toolkit [VIP96] written in C++ and JAVA which provides 3D-modeling and visualization methodsfor developing complex web-based applications. The Toolkit has been designed to built a prototype, which can be used to construct and visualize prefabricated homes on the Internet. Alternative applications are outlined in this paper. Within Viper, all objects are stored in a scene graph (VSSG ), which is the basic data structure of the Toolkit. To show the concept and structure of the Toolkit, functionality, and implementation of the prototype are described.
The classic approach in robust optimization is to optimize the solution with respect to the worst case scenario. This pessimistic approach yields solutions that perform best if the worst scenario happens, but also usually perform bad on average. A solution that optimizes the average performance on the other hand lacks in worst-case performance guarantee.
In practice it is important to find a good compromise between these two solutions. We propose to deal with this problem by considering it from a bicriteria perspective. The Pareto curve of the bicriteria problem visualizes exactly how costly it is to ensure robustness and helps to choose the solution with the best balance between expected and guaranteed performance.
Building upon a theoretical observation on the structure of Pareto solutions for problems with polyhedral feasible sets, we present a column generation approach that requires no direct solution of the computationally expensive worst-case problem. In computational experiments we demonstrate the effectivity of both the proposed algorithm, and the bicriteria perspective in general.
A branch-and-cut approach and alternative formulations for thetraveling salesman problem with drone
(2020)
In this paper, we are interested in studying thetraveling salesman problem withdrone(TSP-D). Given a set of customers and a truck that is equipped with a singledrone, the TSP-D asks that all customers are served exactly once and minimal deliv-ery time is achieved. We provide two compact mixed integer linear programmingformulations that can be used to address instances with up to 10 customer within afew seconds. Notably, we introduce a third formulation for the TSP-D with an expo-nential number of constraints. The latter formulation is suitable to be solved by abranch-and-cut algorithm. Indeed, this approach can be used to find optimal solu-tions for several instances with up to 20 customers within 1 hour, thus challenging thecurrent state-of-the-art in solving the TSP-D. A detailed numerical study providesan in-depth comparison on the effectiveness of the proposed formulations. More-over, we reveal further details on the operational characteristics of a drone-assisteddelivery system. By using three different sets of benchmark instances, considera-tion is given to various assumptions that affect, for example, technological droneparameters and the impact of distance metrics.
We consider the problem of evacuating a region with the help of buses. For a given set of possible collection points where evacuees gather, and possible shelter locations where evacuees are brought to, we need to determine both collection points and shelters we would like to use, and bus routes that evacuate the region in minimum time.
We model this integrated problem using an integer linear program, and present a branch-cut-and-price algorithm that generates bus tours in its pricing step. In computational experiments we show that our approach is able to solve instances of realistic size in sufficient time for practical application, and considerably outperforms the usage of a generic ILP solver.
A building-block model reveals new insights into the biogenesis of yeast mitochondrial ribosomes
(2020)
Most of the mitochondrial proteins in yeast are encoded in the nuclear genome, get synthesized by cytosolic ribosomes and are imported via TOM and TIM23 into the matrix or other subcompartments of mitochondria. The mitochondrial DNA in yeast however also encodes a small set of 8 proteins from which most are hydrophobic membrane proteins and build core components of the OXPHOS complexes. They get synthesized by mitochondrial ribosomes which are descendants of bacterial ribosomes and still have some similarities to them. On the other hand, mitochondrial ribosomes experienced various structural and functional changes during evolution that specialized them for the synthesis of the mitochondrial encoded membrane proteins. The mitoribosome contains mitochondria-specific ribosomal proteins and replaced the bacterial 5S rRNA by mitochondria-specific proteins and rRNA extensions. Furthermore, the mitoribosome is tethered to the inner mitochondrial membrane to facilitate a co-translational insertion of newly synthesized proteins. Thus, also the assembly process of mitoribosomes differs from that of bacteria and is to date not well understood.
Therefore, the biogenesis of mitochondrial ribosomes in yeast should be investigated. To this end, a strain was generated in which the gene of the mitochondrial RNA-polymerase RPO41 is under control of an inducible GAL10-promoter. Since the scaffold of ribosomes is built by ribosomal RNAs, the depletion of the RNA-polymerase subsequently leads to a loss of mitochondrial ribosomes. Reinduction of Rpo41 initiates the assembly of new mitoribosomes, which makes this strain an attractive model to study mitoribosome biogenesis.
Initially, the effects of Rpo41 depletion on cellular and mitochondrial physiology was investigated. Upon Rpo41 depletion, growth on respiratory glycerol medium was inhibited. Furthermore, mitochondrial ribosomal 21S and 15S rRNA was diminished and mitochondrial translation was almost completely absent. Also, mitochondrial DNA was strongly reduced due to the fact that mtDNA replication requires RNA primers that get synthesized by Rpo41.
Next, the effect of reinduction of Rpo41 on mitochondria was tested. Time course experiments showed that mitochondrial translation can partially recover from 48h Rpo41 depletion within a timeframe of 4.5h. Sucrose gradient sedimentation experiments further showed that the mitoribosomal constitution was comparable to wildtype control samples during the time course of 4.5h of reinduction, suggesting that the ribosome assembly is not fundamentally altered in Gal-Rpo41 mitochondria. In addition, the depletion time was found to be critical for recovery of mitochondrial translation and mitochondrial RNA levels. It was observed that after 36h of Rpo41 depletion, the rRNA levels and mitochondrial translation recovered to almost 100%, but only within a time course of 10h.
Finally, mitochondria from Gal-Rpo41 cells isolated after different timepoints of reinduction were used to perform complexome profiling and the assembly of mitochondrial protein complexes was investigated. First, the steady state conditions and the assembly process of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes were monitored. The individual respiratory chain complexes and the super-complexes of complex III, complex IV and complex V were observed. Furthermore, it was seen that they recovered from Rpo41 depletion within 4.5h of reinduction. Complexome profiles of the mitoribosomal small and large subunit discovered subcomplexes of mitoribosomal proteins that were assumed to form prior to their incorporation into assembly intermediates. The complexome profiles after reinduction indeed showed the formation of these subcomplexes before formation of the fully assembled subunit. In the mitochondrial LSU one subcomplex builds the membrane facing protuberance and a second subcomplex forms the central protuberance. In contrast to the preassembled subcomplexes, proteins that were involved in early assembly steps were exclusively found in the fully assembled subunit. Proteins that assemble at the periphery of the mitoribosome during intermediate and late assembly steps where found in soluble form suggesting a pool of unassembled proteins that supply assembly intermediates with proteins.
Taken together, the findings of this thesis suggest a so far unknow building-block model for mitoribosome assembly in which characteristic structures of the yeast mitochondrial ribosome form preassembled subcomplexes prior to their incorporation into the mitoribosome.
3D integration of solid-state memories and logic, as demonstrated by the Hybrid Memory Cube (HMC), offers major opportunities for revisiting near-memory computation and gives new hope to mitigate the power and performance losses caused by the “memory wall”. In this paper we present the first exploration steps towards design of the Smart Memory Cube (SMC), a new Processor-in-Memory (PIM) architecture that enhances the capabilities of the logic-base (LoB) in HMC. An accurate simulation environment has been developed, along with a full featured software stack. All offloading and dynamic overheads caused by the operating system, cache coherence, and memory management are considered, as well. Benchmarking results demonstrate up to 2X performance improvement in comparison with the host SoC, and around 1.5X against a similar host-side accelerator. Moreover, by scaling down the voltage and frequency of PIM’s processor it is possible to reduce energy by around 70% and 55% in comparison with the host and the accelerator, respectively.
Contrary to symbolic learning approaches, which represent a learned concept explicitly, case-based approaches describe concepts implicitly by a pair (CB; sim), i.e. by a measure of similarity sim and a set CB of cases. This poses the question if there are any differences concerning the learning power of the two approaches. In this article we will study the relationship between the case base, the measure of similarity, and the target concept of the learning process. To do so, we transform a simple symbolic learning algorithm (the version space algorithm) into an equivalent case- based variant. The achieved results strengthen the hypothesis of the equivalence of the learning power of symbolic and case-based methods and show the interdependency between the measure used by a case-based algorithm and the target concept.
Retrieving multiple cases is supposed to be an adequate retrieval strategy for guiding partial-order planners because of the recognized flexibility of these planners to interleave steps in the plans. Cases are combined by merging them. In this paper, we will examine two different kinds of merging cases in the context of partial-order planning. We will see that merging cases can be very difficult if the cases are merged eagerly. On the other hand, if cases are merged by avoiding redundant steps, the guidance of the additional cases tends to decrease with the number of covered goals and retrieved cases in domains having a certain kind of interactions. Thus, to retrieve a single case covering many of the goals of the problem or to retrieve fewer cases covering many of the goals is at least equally effective as to retrieve several cases covering all goals in these domains.
A Case Study on Specifikation,Detection and Resolution of IN Feature Interactions with Estelle
(1994)
We present an approach for the treatment of Feature Interactions in Intelligent Networks. The approach is based on the formal description technique Estelle and consists of three steps. For the first step, a specification style supporting the integration of additional features into a basic service is introduced . As a result, feature integration is achieved by adding specification text, i.e . on a purely syntactical level. The second step is the detection of feature interactions resulting from the integration of additional features. A formal criterion is given that can be used for the automatic detection of a particular class of feature interactions. In the third step, previously detected feature interactions are resolved. An algorithm has been devised that allows the automatical incorporation of high-level design decisions into the formal specification. The presented approach is applied to the Basic Call Service and several supplementary interacting features.