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- Elastic BVP (3)
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We consider a volume maximization problem arising in gemstone cutting industry. The problem is formulated as a general semi-infinite program (GSIP) and solved using an interiorpoint method developed by Stein. It is shown, that the convexity assumption needed for the convergence of the algorithm can be satisfied by appropriate modelling. Clustering techniques are used to reduce the number of container constraints, which is necessary to make the subproblems practically tractable. An iterative process consisting of GSIP optimization and adaptive refinement steps is then employed to obtain an optimal solution which is also feasible for the original problem. Some numerical results based on realworld data are also presented.
The stationary heat equation is solved with periodic boundary conditions in geometrically complex composite materials with high contrast in the thermal conductivities of the individual phases. This is achieved by harmonic averaging and explicitly introducing the jumps across the material interfaces as additional variables. The continuity of the heat flux yields the needed extra equations for these variables. A Schur-complent formulation for the new variables is derived that is solved using the FFT and BiCGStab methods. The EJ-HEAT solver is given as a 3-page Matlab program in the Appendix. The C++ implementation is used for material design studies. It solves 3-dimensional problems with around 190 Mio variables on a 64-bit AMD Opteron desktop system in less than 6 GB memory and in minutes to hours, depending on the contrast and required accuracy. The approach may also be used to compute effective electric conductivities because they are governed by the stationary heat equation.
Die Simulation von Prüfständen und insbesondere von Baugruppen und Gesamtfahrzeugen auf Prüfständen durch Kopplung von Mehrkörpersimulation mit Modellen für Regelung und Aktuatorik leistet einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Entwicklungszeitverkürzung. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Kooperationsprojekt vorgestellt, in dem ein Co- Simulationsmodell für die beweglichen Massen sowie die Regelung und Hydraulik eines Gesamtfahrzeugprüfstands erstellt wurde. Es wird sowohl auf die Validierung des Fahrzeugmodells durch Straßenmessungen als auch auf die Identifikation und Validierung des Prüfstandsmodells einschließlich Servohydraulik und Regelung eingegangen.
We present the application of a meshfree method for simulations of interaction between fluids and flexible structures. As a flexible structure we consider a sheet of paper. In a two-dimensional framework this sheet can be modeled as curve by the dynamical Kirchhoff-Love theory. The external forces taken into account are gravitation and the pressure difference between upper and lower surface of the sheet. This pressure difference is computed using the Finite Pointset Method (FPM) for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. FPM is a meshfree, Lagrangian particle method. The dynamics of the sheet are computed by a finite difference method. We show the suitability of the meshfree method for simulations of fluid-structure interaction in several applications.
It is commonly believed that not all degrees of freedom are needed to produce good solutions for the treatment planning problem in intensity modulated radiotherapy treatment (IMRT). However, typical methods to exploit this fact have either increased the complexity of the optimization problem or were heuristic in nature. In this work we introduce a technique based on adaptively refining variable clusters to successively attain better treatment plans. The approach creates approximate solutions based on smaller models that may get arbitrarily close to the optimal solution. Although the method is illustrated using a specific treatment planning model, the components constituting the variable clustering and the adaptive refinement are independent of the particular optimization problem.
For the last decade, optimization of beam orientations in intensitymodulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has been shown to be successful in improving the treatment plan. Unfortunately, the quality of a set of beam orientations depends heavily on its corresponding beam intensity proles. Usually, a stochastic selector is used for optimizing beam orientation, and then a single objective inverse treatment planning algorithm is used for the optimization of beam intensity proles. The overall time needed to solve the inverse planning for every random selection of beam orientations becomes excessive. Recently, considerable improvement has been made in optimizing beam intensity proles by using multiple objective inverse treatment planning. Such an approach results in a variety of beam intensity proles for every selection of beam orientations, making the dependence between beam orientations and its intensity proles less important. We take advantage of this property to present a dynamic algorithm for beam orientation in IMRT which is based on multicriteria inverse planning. The algorithm approximates beam intensity proles iteratively instead of doing it for every selection of beam orientation, saving a considerable amount of calculation time. Every iteration goes from an N-beam plan to a plan with N + 1 beams. Beam selection criteria are based on a score function that minimizes the deviation from the prescribed dose, in addition to a reject-accept criterion. To illustrate the eciency of the algorithm it has been applied to an articial example where optimality is trivial and to three real clinical cases: a prostate carcinoma, a tumor in the head and neck region and a paraspinal tumor. In comparison to the standard equally spaced beam plans, improvements are reported in all of the three clinical examples, even, in some cases with a fewer number of beams.
Testing a new suspension based on real load data is performed on elaborate multi channel test rigs. Usually wheel forces and moments measured during driving maneuvers are reproduced on the rig. Because of the complicated interaction between rig and suspension each new rig configuration has to prove its efficiency with respect to the requirements and the configuration might be subject to optimization. This paper deals with modeling a new rig concept based on two hexapods. The real physical rig has been designed and meanwhile built by MOOG-FCS for VOLKSWAGEN. The aim of the simulation project reported here was twofold: First the simulation of the rig together with real VOLKSWAGEN suspension models at a time where the design was not yet finalized was used to verify and optimize the desired properties of the rig. Second the simulation environment was set up in a way that it can be used to prepare real tests on the rig. The model contains the geometric configuration as well as the hydraulics and the controller. It is implemented as an ADAMS/Car template and can be combined with different suspension models to get a complete assembly representing the entire test rig. Using this model, all steps required for a real test run such as controller adaptation, drive file iteration and simulation can be performed. Geometric or hydraulic parameters can be modified easily to improve the setup and adapt the system to the suspension and the load data.
Die Inhalte der in zwei verschiedenen Bundesländern angebotenen Weiterbildungsveranstaltungen für Lehrer und Lehrerinnen aus dem psychologischen Themenfeld wurden den Themenbereichen des Rahmencurriculums "Psychologie in den Lehramtsstudiengängen" der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie (DGPs, 2002) zugeordnet. Sodann wurden die Angebote der Weiterbildungsinstitute mit Relevanzeinschätzungen derselben Themenbereiche durch Lehrkräfte aller Schularten verglichen. Diese Relevanzeinschätzungen waren in einer Fragebogenstudie (Dutke & Singleton, 2006a,b) von 233 Lehrkräften erhoben worden. Angebots- und Relevanzprofile waren korreliert. Im Vergleich zu den Relevanzurteilen unterrepräsentiert waren Themen wie motivationale und emotionale Bedingungen des Lernens und Lehrens, Interventionsmöglichkeiten bei Lern- und Leistungsauffälligkeiten oder der Umgang mit sozial-emotional auffälligem Verhalten. Im Angebot eher überrepräsentiert schienen Grundlagenfragen der Beratung und Intervention zu sein. Implikationen einer nachfrageorientierten Gestaltung der Weiterbildungsangebote sowie Konsequenzen für die Positionierung der Psychologie im Weiterbildungssektor für Lehrkräfte werden diskutiert.
Ownership Domains generalize ownership types. They support programming patterns like iterators that are not possible with ordinary ownership types. However, they are still too restrictive for cases in which an object X wants to access the public domains of an arbitrary number of other objects, which often happens in observer scenarios. To overcome this restriction, we developed so-called loose domains which abstract over several precise domains. That is, similar to the relation between supertypes and subtypes we have a relation between loose and precise domains. In addition, we simplified ownership domains by reducing the number of domains per object to two and hard-wiring the access permissions between domains. We formalized the resulting type system for an OO core language and proved type soundness and a fundamental accessibility property.
In this paper we address the improvement of transfer quality in public mass transit networks. Generally there are several transit operators offering service and our work is motivated by the question how their timetables can be altered to yield optimized transfer possibilities in the overall network. To achieve this, only small changes to the timetables are allowed. The set-up makes it possible to use a quadratic semi-assignment model to solve the optimization problem. We apply this model, equipped with a new way to assess transfer quality, to the solution of four real-world examples. It turns out that improvements in overall transfer quality can be determined by such optimization-based techniques. Therefore they can serve as a first step towards a decision support tool for planners of regional transit networks.
In dem Forschungsvorhaben “Schubtragverhalten des Stahlbetongurtes von Verbundträgern im Bereich von großen Stegöffnungen“ wurden umfangreiche experimentelle und rechnerische Untersuchungen zum Querkrafttragverhalten und zur Querkrafttragfähigkeit des Betongurts im Bereich von großen Stegöffnungen durchgeführt. Anhand von 21 großmaßstäblichen Traglastversuchen, die erstmals so konzipiert waren, dass im Öffnungsbereich nahezu die gesamte Querkraft durch den Betongurt übertragen werden musste, konnte die Querkrafttragfähigkeit des Betongurts bestimmt werden. Neue Erkenntnisse über den Lastabtragungs- und Versagensmechanismus im Öffnungsbereich konnten durch die Auswertung der Dehnungen der Kopfbolzendübel im Öffnungsbereich und das nachträgliche Aufsägen des Betongurts der Versuchsträger gewonnen werden. Im rechnerischen Teil wurden ein dreidimensionales FE-Modell erstellt, das die Versuche in ihren wesentlichen Teilen abbildete, und Vergleichsberechnungen durchgeführt. Durch den Vergleich der rechnerischen mit den experimentell ermittelten Werten wurde das Modell überprüft. Auf dieser Grundlage wurden anschließend Parameteruntersuchungen durchgeführt. Schließlich wurde auf der Basis der experimentellen und rechnerischen Untersuchungen ein Ingenieurmodell zur Bestimmung der Querkrafttragfähigkeit im Öffnungsbereich entwickelt, mit dem sich die Querkrafttragfähigkeit des Betongurts im Öffnungsbereich nachweisen lässt. Ferner stellte sich heraus, dass die Querkrafttragfähigkeit des Betongurts im Öffnungsbereich durch Dübelleisten erheblich gesteigert werden kann, was wirtschaftliche Vorteile eröffnet.
The paper at hand presents a slender body theory for the dynamics of a curved inertial viscous Newtonian ber. Neglecting surface tension and temperature dependence, the ber ow is modeled as a three-dimensional free boundary value problem via instationary incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. From regular asymptotic expansions in powers of the slenderness parameter leading-order balance laws for mass (cross-section) and momentum are derived that combine the unrestricted motion of the ber center-line with the inner viscous transport. The physically reasonable form of the one-dimensional ber model results thereby from the introduction of the intrinsic velocity that characterizes the convective terms.
On a multigrid solver for the threedimensional Biot poroelasticity system in multilayered domains
(2006)
In this paper, we present problem–dependent prolongation and problem–dependent restriction for a multigrid solver for the three-dimensional Biot poroelasticity system, which is solved in a multilayered domain. The system is discretized on a staggered grid using the finite volume method. During the discretization, special care is taken of the discontinuous coefficients. For the efficient multigrid solver, a need in operator-dependent restriction and/or prolongation arises. We derive these operators so that they are consistent with the discretization. They account for the discontinuities of the coefficients, as well as for the coupling of the unknowns within the Biot system. A set of numerical experiments shows necessity of use of the operator-dependent restriction and prolongation in the multigrid solver for the considered class of problems.
In this paper we propose a finite volume discretization for the threedimensional Biot poroelasticity system in multilayered domains. For the stability reasons, staggered grids are used. The discretization accounts for discontinuity of the coefficients across the interfaces between layers with different physical properties. Numerical experiments, based on the proposed discretization showed second order convergence in the maximum norm for the primary as well as flux unknowns of the system. A certain application example is presented as well.
Katja is a tool generating order-sorted recursive data types as well as position types for Java, from specifications using an enhanced ML like notation. Katja’s main features are its conciseness of specifications, the rich interface provided by the generated code and the Java atypical immutability of types. After several stages of extending and maintaining the Katja project, it became apparent many changes had to be done. The original design of Katja wasn’t prepared for the introduction of several backends, the introduction of position sorts and constant feature enhancements and bug fixes. By supplying this report Katja reaches release status for the first time.
Web-based authentication is a popular mechanism implemented by Wireless Internet Service Providers (WISPs) because it allows a simple registration and authentication of customers, while avoiding the high resource requirements of the new IEEE 802.11i security standard and the backward compatibility issues of legacy devices. In this work we demonstrate two different and novel attacks against web-based authentication. One attack exploits operational anomalies of low- and middle-priced devices in order to hijack wireless clients, while the other exploits an already known vulnerability within wired-networks, which in dynamic wireless environments turns out to be even harder to detect and protect against.
Error estimates for quasistatic global elastic correction and linear kinematic hardening material
(2006)
We consider in this paper the quasistatic boundary value problems of linear elasticity and nonlinear elastoplasticity with linear kinematic hardening material. We derive expressions and estimates for the difference of solutions (i.e. stress, strain and displacement) of both models. Further, we study the error between the elastoplastic solution and the solution of a postprocessing method, that corrects the solution of the linear elastic problem in order to approximate the elastoplastic model.
In this article, we give an explicit homotopy between the solutions (i.e. stress, strain, displacement) of the quasistatic linear elastic and nonlinear elastoplastic boundary value problem, where we assume a linear kinematic hardening material law. We give error estimates with respect to the homotopy parameter.
In this article, we give some generalisations of existing Lipschitz estimates for the stop and the play operator with respect to an arbitrary convex and closed characteristic a separable Hilbert space. We are especially concerned with the dependency of their outputs with respect to different scalar products.