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Monomial representations and operations for Gröbner bases computations are investigated from an implementation point of view. The technique ofvectorized monomial operations is introduced and it is shown how it expedites computations of Gröbner bases. Furthermore, a rank-based monomialrepresentation and comparison technique is examined and it is concluded that this technique does not yield an additional speedup over vectorizedcomparisons. Extensive benchmark tests with the Computer Algebra System SINGULAR are used to evaluate these concepts.
Groups can be studied using methods from different fields such as combinatorial group theory or string rewriting. Recently techniques from Gröbner basis theory for free monoid rings (non-commutative polynomial rings) respectively free group rings have been added to the set of methods due to the fact that monoid and group presentations (in terms of string rewriting systems) can be linked to special polynomials called binomials. In the same mood, the aim of this paper is to discuss the relation between Nielsen reduced sets of generators and the Todd-Coxeter coset enumeration procedure on the one side and the Gröbner basis theory for free group rings on the other. While it is well-known that there is a strong relationship between Buchberger's algorithm and the Knuth-Bendix completion procedure, and there are interpretations of the Todd-Coxeter coset enumeration procedure using the Knuth-Bendix procedure for special cases, our aim is to show how a verbatim interpretation of the Todd-Coxeter procedure can be obtained by linking recent Gröbner techniques like prefix Gröbner bases and the FGLM algorithm as a tool to study the duality of ideals. As a side product our procedure computes Nielsen reduced generating sets for subgroups in finitely generated free groups.
This paper describes a tableau-based higher-order theorem prover HOT and an application to natural language semantics. In this application, HOT is used to prove equivalences using world knowledge during higher-order unification (HOU). This extended form of HOU is used to compute the licensing conditions for corrections.
Simultaneous quantifier elimination in sequent calculus is an improvement over the well-known skolemization. It allows a lazy handling of instantiations as well as of the order of certain reductions. We prove the soundness of a sequent calculus which incorporates a rule for simultaneous quantifier elimination. The proof is performed by semantical arguments and provides some insights into the dependencies between various formulas in a sequent.
Rewriting techniques have been applied successfully to various areas of symbolic computation. Here we consider the notion of prefix-rewriting and give a survey on its applications to the subgroup problem in combinatorial group theory. We will see that for certain classes of finitely presented groups finitely generated subgroups can be described through convergent prefix-rewriting systems, which can be obtained from a presentation of the group considered and a set of generators for the subgroup through a specialized Knuth-Bendix style completion procedure. In many instances a finite presentation for the subgroup considered can be constructed from such a convergent prefix-rewriting system, thus solving the subgroup presentation problem. Finally we will see that the classical procedures for computing Nielsen reduced sets of generators for a finitely generated subgroup of a free group and the Todd-Coxeter coset enumeration can be interpreted as particular instances of prefix-completion. Further, both procedures are closely related to the computation of prefix Gr"obner bases for right ideals in free group rings.
Todd and Coxeter's method for enumerating cosets of finitely generated subgroups in finitely presented groups (abbreviated by Tc here) is one famous method from combinatorial group theory for studying the subgroup problem. Since prefix string rewriting is also an appropriate method to study this problem, prefix string rewriting methods have been compared to Tc. We recall and compare two of them briefly, one by Kuhn and Madlener [4] and one by Sims [15]. A new approach using prefix string rewriting in free groups is derived from the algebraic method presented by Reinert, Mora and Madlener in [14] which directly emulates Tc. It is extended to free monoids and an algebraic characterization for the "cosets" enumerated in this setting is provided.
We prove that there exists a positive \(\alpha\) such thatfor any integer \(\mbox{$d\ge 3$}\) and any topological types \(\mbox{$S_1,\dots,S_n$}\) of plane curve singularities, satisfying \(\mbox{$\mu(S_1)+\dots+\mu(S_n)\le\alpha d^2$}\), there exists a reduced irreducible plane curve of degree \(d\) with exactly \(n\) singular points of types \(\mbox{$S_1,\dots,S_n$}\), respectively. This estimate is optimal with respect to theexponent of \(d\). In particular, we prove that for any topological type \(S\) there exists an irreducible polynomial of degree \(\mbox{$d\le 14\sqrt{\mu(S)}$}\) having a singular point of type \(S\).
On a family F of probability measures on a measure space we consider the Hellinger and Kullback-Leibler distances. We show that under suitable regulari ty conditions Jeffreys' prior is proportional to the k-dimensional Hausdorff measure w.r.t. Hellinger dis tance respectively to the k2 -dimensional Hausdorff measure w.r.t. Kullback-Leibler distance. The proof i s based on an area-formula for the Hausdorff measure w.r.t. to generalized distances.
The paper studies differential and related properties of functions of a real variable with values in the space of signed measures. In particular the connections between different definitions of differentiability are described corresponding to different topologies on the measures. Some conditions are given for the equivalence of the measures in the range of such a function. These conditions are in terms of socalled logarithmic derivatives and yield a generalization of the Cameron-Martin-Maruyama-Girsanov formula. Questions of this kind appear both in the theory of differentiable measures on infinite-dimensional spaces and in the theory of statistical experiments.
The notion of formal description techniques for timed systems (T-FDTs) has been introduced in [EDK98a] to provide a unifying framework for description techniques that are formal and that allow to describe the ongoing behavior of systems. In this paper we show that three well known temporal logics, MTL, MTL-R , and CTL*, can be embedded in this framework. Moreover, we provide evidence that a large number of dioeerent kinds of temporal logics can be considered as T-FDTs.
The paper addresses two problems of comprehensible proof presentation, the hierarchically structured presentation at the level of proof methods and different presentation styles of construction proofs. It provides solutions for these problems that can make use of proof plans generated by an automated proof planner.
In this paper we study a particular class of \(n\)-node recurrent neural networks (RNNs).In the \(3\)-node case we use monotone dynamical systems theory to show,for a well-defined set of parameters, that,generically, every orbit of the RNN is asymptotic to a periodic orbit.Then, within the usual 'learning' context of NeuralNetworks, we investigate whether RNNs of this class can adapt their internal parameters soas to 'learn' and then replicate autonomously certain external periodic signals.Our learning algorithm is similar to identification algorithms in adaptivecontrol theory. The main feature of the adaptation algorithm is that global exponential convergenceof parameters is guaranteed. We also obtain partial convergence results in the \(n\)-node case.
Wavelets on closed surfaces in Euclidean space R3 are introduced starting from a scale discrete wavelet transform for potentials harmonic down to a spherical boundary. Essential tools for approximation are integration formulas relating an integral over the sphere to suitable linear combinations of functional values (resp. normal derivatives) on the closed surface under consideration. A scale discrete version of multiresolution is described for potential functions harmonic outside the closed surface and regular at infinity. Furthermore, an exact fully discrete wavelet approximation is developed in case of band-limited wavelets. Finally, the role of wavelets is discussed in three problems, namely (i) the representation of a function on a closed surface from discretely given data, (ii) the (discrete) solution of the exterior Dirichlet problem, and (iii) the (discrete) solution of the exterior Neumann problem.
For the determination of the earth" s gravity field many types of observations are available nowadays, e.g., terrestrial gravimetry, airborne gravimetry, satellite-to-satellite tracking, satellite gradiometry etc. The mathematical connection between these observables on the one hand and gravity field and shape of the earth on the other hand, is called the integrated concept of physical geodesy. In this paper harmonic wavelets are introduced by which the gravitational part of the gravity field can be approximated progressively better and better, reflecting an increasing flow of observations. An integrated concept of physical geodesy in terms of harmonic wavelets is presented. Essential tools for approximation are integration formulas relating an integral over an internal sphere to suitable linear combinations of observation functionals, i.e., linear functionals representing the geodetic observables. A scale discrete version of multiresolution is described for approximating the gravitational potential outside and on the earth" s surface. Furthermore, an exact fully discrete wavelet approximation is developed for the case of band-limited wavelets. A method for combined global outer harmonic and local harmonic wavelet modelling is proposed corresponding to realistic earth" s models. As examples, the role of wavelets is discussed for the classical Stokes problem, the oblique derivative problem, satellite-to-satellite tracking, satellite gravity gradiometry, and combined satellite-to-satellite tracking and gradiometry.
On the one hand, in the world of Product Data Technology (PDT), the ISO standard STEP (STandard for the Exchange of Product model data) gains more and more importance. STEP includes the information model specification language EXPRESS and its graphical notation EXPRESS-G. On the other hand, in the Software Engineering world in general, mainly other modelling languages are in use - particularly the Unified Modeling Language (UML), recently adopted to become a standard by the Object Management Group, will probably achieve broad acceptance. Despite a strong interconnection of PDT with the Software Engineering area, there is a lack of bridging elements concerning the modelling language level. This paper introduces a mapping between EXPRESS-G and UML in order to define a linking bridge and bring the best of both worlds together. Hereby the feasibility of a mapping is shown with representative examples; several problematic cases are discussed as well as possible solutions presented.
Interoperability between different CAx systems involved in the development process of cars is presently one of the most critical issues in the automotive industry. None of the existing CAx systems meets all requirements of the very complex process network of the lifecycle of a car. With this background, industrial engineers have to use various CAx systems to get an optimal support for their daily work. Today, the communication between different CAx systems is done via data files using special direct converters or neutral system independent standards like IGES, VDAFS, and recently STEP, the international standard for product data description. To reduce the dependency on individual CAx s ystem vendors, the German automotive industry developed an open CAx system architecture based on STEP as guiding principle for CAx system development. The central component of this architecture is a common, system-independent access interface to CAx functions and data of all involved CAx systems, which is under development in the project ANICA. Within this project, a CAx object bus has been developed based on a STEP data description using CORBA as an integration platform. This new approach allows a transparent access to data and functions of the integrated CAx systems without file-based data exchange. The product development process with various CAx systems concerns objects from different CAx systems. Thus, mechanisms are needed to handle the persistent storage of the CAx objects distributed over the CAx object bus to give the developing engineers a consistent view of the data model of their product. The following paper discusses several possibilities to guarantee consistent data management and storage of distributed CAx models. One of the most promising approaches is the enhancement of the CAx object bus by a STEP-based object-oriented data server to realise a central data management.
We propose a new discretization scheme for solving ill-posed integral equations of the third kind. Combining this scheme with Morozov's discrepancy principle for Landweber iteration we show that for some classes of equations in such method a number of arithmetic operations of smaller order than in collocation method is required to appoximately solve an equation with the same accuracy.