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Das in Manderen, Departement Moselle, gelegene Schloss von Malbrouck befindet sich genau an der deutschen und luxemburgischen Grenze. Sein Bau wurde nach dem Willen von Arnold VI, dem Grundherrn von Sierck, im Jahre 1419 begonnen, wurde 1434, in dem Jahr, in dem das Schloss für geeignet befunden wurde, einem Angriff widerstehen zu können, vollendet und dann in den Dienst des Erzbistums Trier gestellt.
Unglücklicherweise war zum Zeitpunkt des Todes von Ritter Arnold dessen Nachfolge nicht gesichert, weshalb das Schloss ab Ende des XV. bis Anfang des XVII. Jahrhunderts von einer Hand in die nächste überwechselte.
Seit es im Jahre 1930 unter Denkmalschutz gestellt wurde und der Conseil Général de la Moselle es 1975 von seinem letzten Eigentümer, einem Bauern, zurückkaufte, wurde das Schloss vollständig saniert und im September 1988 wiedereröffnet. Wie jedes andere Bauwerk dieser Größenordnung braucht es eine feine und genaue Überwachung. Aus diesem Grund wollte der Conseil Général de la Moselle strategischer Partner im Projekt CURe MODERN werden.
Die Brücke von Rosbrück ist ein Bauwerk aus Spannbeton, das vom Departement Moselle verwaltet wird. Da sie schon 1952 gebaut wurde, weist sie mehrere Spannkabel auf, die offensichtlich rissig oder brüchig sind. Diese Schädigungen stellen die Tragfähigkeit des Bauwerks in Frage.
Es erschien daher notwendig, den Zustand der Kabel im Inneren der Träger zu überprüfen. Im Vorfeld der Kontrolle mittels der MFL-Methode (Magnetic Flux Leakage) wurde deren Position im Verhältnis zu den Ausführungsebenen überprüft. Da diese Überprüfung schlüssig war, wurden dann die MFL-Messungen an einem der Träger des Bauwerks durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse sind beweiskräftig und es wurden keine Mängel nachgewiesen. In der Folge erscheint es nötig, die Überprüfung (Auskultation) auf geschädigte Bereiche auszudehnen.
In der Betriebswirtschaftslehre bestehen unterschiedliche Sichtweisen in Bezug auf Unternehmensziele und deren Verhältnis zu Stakeholderzielen. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht das Verhältnis von Unternehmenszielen und Stakeholderzielen, wobei die zentrale Zielsetzung des Beitrags darin besteht, die Stakeholderziele zu spezifizieren, da bislang existierende Kataloge mit Stakeholderzielen wenig detailliert sind. Dabei werden die unterschiedlichen Stakeholderziele anhand ihrer drei Zieldimensionen untersucht sowie in Formal- und Sachziele unterteilt. Des Weiteren wird deutlich, dass zwischen Unternehmenszielen und Stakeholderzielen durch die differierenden Ziele der unterschiedlichen Stakeholdergruppen ständige Konflikte herrschen, wodurch es grundsätzlich innerhalb unter-nehmerischer Zielsysteme nur zu einer Quasilösung der Konflikte kommen kann.
Zerstörungsfreie (ND) Erkundungstechniken, seien es nun zerstörungsfreie oder geophysikalische Bewertungsmethoden, werden üblicherweise im Bau- und Transportwesen, im Bereich der Energietechnik oder der Stadtentwicklung angewandt. Während sich jedoch im Laufe der letzten Jahrzehnte das Interesse auf interne geometrische Informationen zu der untersuchten Umgebung richtete, konzentrieren sich jüngere Forschungen auf Informationen, die mit der Art und dem Zustand dieser Umgebung verbunden sind, um so dem Begiff der zerstörungsfreien Bewertung näher zu kommen. Die gegenwärtig laufenden Studien versuchen, die aus zerstörungsfreien Messungen abgeleiteten Werte in statistische, mit Lebensdauermodellen verknüpfte Ansätze zu integrieren.
Without actors, there is no action: How interpersonal interactions help to explain routine dynamics
(2020)
In this paper, we argue that it is important to gain a better understanding on how people interact with each other to explain routine dynamics. Thus, we propose to focus on the interpersonal interactions of actors which is not only the fact that actors interact with each other but that the manner and quality of these interactions is important to understand routine dynamics. By drawing on social exchange theory, we propose a framework that seeks to explain routine dynamics based on different relationships between actors. Building on this framework, we provide different process models indicating how routine performing and patterning is enacted due to the respective relationship of actors. Our insights contribute to research on routine dynamics by arguing (1) that actions of patterning are dependent on the relationship of actors; (2) that trust works as an enabler for creating new patterns of actions; (3) that distrust functions as an enhancer for interrupting and dissolving patterns of actions.
Aufgrund der vernetzten Strukturen und Wirkungszusammenhänge dynamischer Systeme werden die zugrundeliegenden mathematischen Modelle meist sehr komplex und erfordern ein hohes mathematisches Verständnis und Geschick. Bei Verwendung von spezieller Software können jedoch auch ohne tiefgehende mathematische oder informatorische Fachkenntnisse komplexe Wirkungsnetze dynamischer Systeme interaktiv erstellt werden. Als Beispiel wollen wir schrittweise das Modell einer Miniwelt entwerfen und Aussagen bezüglich ihrer Bevölkerungsentwicklung treffen.
Die Akustik liefert einen interessanten Hintergrund, interdisziplinären und fächerverbindenen Unterricht zwischen Mathematik, Physik und Musik durchzuführen. SchülerInnen können hierbei beispielsweise experimentell tätig sein, indem sie Audioaufnahmen selbst erzeugen und sich mit Computersoftware Frequenzspektren erzeugen lassen. Genauso können die Schüler auch Frequenzspektren vorgeben und daraus Klänge erzeugen. Dies kann beispielsweise dazu dienen, den Begriff der Obertöne im Musikunterricht physikalisch oder mathematisch greifbar zu machen oder in der Harmonielehre Frequenzverhältnisse von Intervallen und Dreiklängen näher zu untersuchen.
Der Computer ist hier ein sehr nützliches Hilfsmittel, da der mathematische Hintergrund dieser Aufgabe -- das Wechseln zwischen Audioaufnahme und ihrem Frequenzbild -- sich in der Fourier-Analysis findet, die für SchülerInnen äußerst anspruchsvoll ist. Indem man jedoch die Fouriertransformation als numerisches Hilfsmittel einführt, das nicht im Detail verstanden werden muss, lässt sich an anderer Stelle interessante Mathematik betreiben und die Zusammenhänge zwischen Akustik und Musik können spielerisch erfahren werden.
Im folgenden Beitrag wird eine Herangehensweise geschildert, wie wir sie bereits bei der Felix-Klein-Modellierungswoche umgesetzt haben: Die SchülerInnen haben den Auftrag erhalten, einen Synthesizer zu entwickeln, mit dem verschiedene Musikinstrumente nachgeahmt werden können. Als Hilfsmittel haben sie eine kurze Einführung in die Eigenschaften der Fouriertransformation erhalten, sowie Audioaufnahmen verschiedener Instrumente.
Monitoring of patient-reported outcomes and providing therapists with progress feedback has been shown to be beneficial for treatment outcomes (e.g., by preventing therapy failures). Despite recent advances in monitoring and feedback research, little is known about why some therapists benefit from feedback more than others. Addressing this issue, the present article uses the basic science literature on belief updating to propose a theoretical model for these between-therapist differences. In doing so, we provide a novel framework that allows testable hypotheses about when and how feedback on therapy progress is likely to improve treatment outcomes. In particular, we argue that the integration of feedback and its effect on therapists’ behavior depends on the weight therapists assign to their prior beliefs regarding treatment progress relative to the weight of the feedback received. We conclude by outlining some directions for future research on the underpinnings of this model, and point to some implications for the training of therapists and provision of feedback.
Whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) is an extension of the EMS application known in physical therapy. In WB-EMS, body composition and skinfold thickness seem to play a decisive role in influencing the Ohmic resistance and therefore the maximum intensity tolerance. That is why the therapeutic success of (WB-)EMS may depend on individual anatomical parameters. The aim of the study was to find out whether gender, skinfold thickness and parameters of body composition have an influence on the maximum intensity tolerance in WB-EMS. [Participants and Methods] Fifty-two participants were included in the study. Body composition (body impedance, body fat, fat mass, fat-free mass) and skinfold thicknesses were measured and set into relation to the maximum intensity tolerance. [Results] No relationship between the different anthropometric parameters and the maximum intensity tolerance was detected for both genders. Considering the individual muscle groups, no similarities were found in the results. [Conclusion] Body composition or skinfold thickness do not seem to have any influence on the maximum intensity tolerance in WB-EMS training. For the application in physiotherapy this means that a dosage of the electrical voltage within the scope of a (WB-) EMS application is only possible via the subjective feedback (BORG Scale).
In this paper we present the results of the project “#Datenspende” where during the German election in 2017 more than 4000 people contributed their search results regarding keywords connected to the German election campaign.
Analyzing the donated result lists we prove, that the room for personalization of the search results is very small. Thus the opportunity for the effect mentioned in Eli Pariser’s filter bubble theory to occur in this data is also very small, to a degree that it is negligible. We achieved these results by applying various similarity measures to the result lists that were donated. The first approach using the number of common results as a similarity measure showed that the space for personalization is less than two results out of ten on average when searching for persons and at most four regarding the search for parties. Application of other, more specific measures show that the space is indeed smaller, so that the presence of filter bubbles is not evident.
Moreover this project is also a proof of concept, as it enables society to permanently monitor a search engine’s degree of personalization for any desired search terms. The general design can also be transferred to intermediaries, if appropriate APIs restrict selective access to contents relevant to the study in order to establish a similar degree of trustworthiness.
Wear phenomena in worm gears are dependent on the size of the gears. Whereas larger gears are mainly affected by fatigue wear, abrasive wear is predominant in smaller gears. In this context a simulation model for abrasive wear of worm gears was developed, which is based on an energetic wear equation. This approach associates wear with solid friction energy occurring in the tooth contact. The physically-based wear simulation model includes a tooth contact analysis and tribological calculation to determine the local solid tooth friction and wear. The calculation is iterated with the modified tooth flank geometry of the worn worm wheel, in order to consider the influence of wear on the tooth contact. Experimental results on worm gears are used to determine the wear model parameter and to validate the model. A simulative study for a wide range of worm gear geometries was conducted to investigate the influence of geometry and operating conditions on abrasive wear.
With this article we first like to give a brief review on wavelet thresholding methods in non-Gaussian and non-i.i.d. situations, respectively. Many of these applications are based on Gaussian approximations of the empirical coefficients. For regression and density estimation with independent observations, we establish joint asymptotic normality of the empirical coefficients by means of strong approximations. Then we describe how one can prove asymptotic normality under mixing conditions on the observations by cumulant techniques.; In the second part, we apply these non-linear adaptive shrinking schemes to spectral estimation problems for both a stationary and a non-stationary time series setup. For the latter one, in a model of Dahlhaus on the evolutionary spectrum of a locally stationary time series, we present two different approaches. Moreover, we show that in classes of anisotropic function spaces an appropriately chosen wavelet basis automatically adapts to possibly different degrees of regularity for the different directions. The resulting fully-adaptive spectral estimator attains the rate that is optimal in the idealized Gaussian white noise model up to a logarithmic factor.
We derive minimax rates for estimation in anisotropic smoothness classes. This rate is attained by a coordinatewise thresholded wavelet estimator based on a tensor product basis with separate scale parameter for every dimension. It is shown that this basis is superior to its one-scale multiresolution analog, if different degrees of smoothness in different directions are present.; As an important application we introduce a new adaptive wavelet estimator of the time-dependent spectrum of a locally stationary time series. Using this model which was resently developed by Dahlhaus, we show that the resulting estimator attains nearly the rate, which is optimal in Gaussian white noise, simultaneously over a wide range of smoothness classes. Moreover, by our new approach we overcome the difficulty of how to choose the right amount of smoothing, i.e. how to adapt to the appropriate resolution, for reconstructing the local structure of the evolutionary spectrum in the time-frequency plane.
We consider wavelet estimation of the time-dependent (evolutionary) power spectrum of a locally stationary time series. Allowing for departures from stationary proves useful for modelling, e.g., transient phenomena, quasi-oscillating behaviour or spectrum modulation. In our work wavelets are used to provide an adaptive local smoothing of a short-time periodogram in the time-freqeuncy plane. For this, in contrast to classical nonparametric (linear) approaches we use nonlinear thresholding of the empirical wavelet coefficients of the evolutionary spectrum. We show how these techniques allow for both adaptively reconstructing the local structure in the time-frequency plane and for denoising the resulting estimates. To this end a threshold choice is derived which is motivated by minimax properties w.r.t. the integrated mean squared error. Our approach is based on a 2-d orthogonal wavelet transform modified by using a cardinal Lagrange interpolation function on the finest scale. As an example, we apply our procedure to a time-varying spectrum motivated from mobile radio propagation.
River ecosystems are being threatened by rising temperatures, aridity, and salinity due to climate change and increased water abstractions. These threats also put human well-being at risk, as people and rivers are closely connected, particularly in water-scarce regions. We aimed to investigate the relationship between human well-being and biological and physico-chemical river water quality using the arid Draa River basin as a case study. Physico-chemical water measurements, biological monitoring of aquatic macroinvertebrates, and household surveys were used to assess the state of the river water, ecosystem, and human well-being, as well as the associations between them. Salinity levels exceeded maximum permissible values for drinking water in 35 % and irrigation water in 12 % of the sites. Salinity and low flow were associated with low biological quality. Human satisfaction with water quantity and quality, agriculture, the natural environment, and overall life satisfaction were low particularly in the Middle Draa, where 89% of respondents reported emotional distress due to water salinity and scarcity. Drinking and irrigation water quality was generally rated lower in areas characterized by higher levels of water salinity and scarcity. The study found positive associations between the river water quality and biological quality indices, but no significant association between these factors and human satisfaction. These findings suggest that the relationship between human satisfaction and the biological and physicochemical river water quality is complex and that a more comprehensive approach to human well-being is likely needed to establish relationships.
Water availability shapes edaphic and lithic cyanobacterial communities in the Atacama Desert
(2019)
In the Atacama Desert, cyanobacteria grow on various substrates such as soils (edaphic) and quartz or granitoid stones (lithic). Both edaphic and lithic cyanobacterial communities have been described but no comparison between both communities of the same locality has yet been undertaken. In the present study, we compared both cyanobacterial communities along a precipitation gradient ranging from the arid National Park Pan de Azúcar (PA), which resembles a large fog oasis in the Atacama Desert extending to the semiarid Santa Gracia Natural Reserve (SG) further south, as well as along a precipitation gradient within PA. Various microscopic techniques, as well as culturing and partial 16S rRNA sequencing, were applied to identify 21 cyanobacterial species; the diversity was found to decline as precipitation levels decreased. Additionally, under increasing xeric stress, lithic community species composition showed higher divergence from the surrounding edaphic community, resulting in indigenous hypolithic and chasmoendolithic cyanobacterial communities. We conclude that rain and fog water, respectively, cause contrasting trends regarding cyanobacterial species richness in the edaphic and lithic microhabitats.
A simple method of calculating the Wannier-Stark resonances in 2D lattices is suggested. Using this method we calculate the complex Wannier-Stark spectrum for a non-separable 2D potential realized in optical lattices and analyze its general structure. The dependence of the lifetime of Wannier-Stark states on the direction of the static field (relative to the crystallographic axis of the lattice) is briefly discussed.