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As shown by Krasnosel" skii, the classical Preisach model allows to construct a hysteresis operator Wbetween spaces of real functions of time. This construction, via the definition of a measure mü in the so-called Preisach plane, is recalled. Characterizations in terms of mü are given for several mapping and continuity properties of W in various function spaces, for the invertibility of W and for the corresponding mapping and continuity properties of the inverse.
The performance of a combustion engine is essentially determined by the charge cycle, i.e. by the inflow of fresh air through the inlet pipe into the cylinder after a combustion cycle. The amount of air, exchanged during this process, depends on many factors, e.g. the number of revolutions per minute, the temperature, the engine and valve geometry. In order to have a tool in designing the engine one is interested in calculating this amount. The proper calculation would involve the solution of three-dimensional hydrodynamical equations governing the gas flow including chemical reactions in a complicated geometry, consisting of the cylinder, valves, inlet and outlet pipe. Since this is clearly too ambitious, we consider a simplified model.
As an alternative to the commonly used Monte Carlo Simulation methods for solving the Boltzmann equation we have developed a new code with certain important improvements. We present results of calculations on the reentry phase of a space shuttle. One aim was to test physical models of internal energies and of gas-surface interactions.