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Ein maßgeschneidertes Kommunikationssystem für eine mobile Applikation mit Dienstgüteanforderungen
(2004)
In diesem Beitrag wird die Maßschneiderung eines Ad-Hoc-Kommunikationssystems zur Fernsteuerung eines Luftschiffs über WLAN vorgestellt. Dabei steht die Dienstunterstützung bei der Übertragung mehrerer Datenströme im Vordergrund. Es werden verschiedene Dienstgütemechanismen erklärt und deren Entwicklung und Integration in ein Kommunikationsprotokoll mit Hilfe eines komponentenbasierten Ansatzes genauer erläutert.
We present a methodology to augment system safety step-by-step and illustrate the approach by the definition of reusable solutions for the detection of fail-silent nodes - a watchdog and a heartbeat. These solutions can be added to real-time system designs, to protect against certain types of system failures. We use SDL as a system design language for the development of distributed systems, including real-time systems.
Im Ausland zu studieren erfordert hohe Anpassungsleistungen kultureller, sozialer und psychischer Art. Viele Untersuchungsbefunde zeigen, dass soziale Unterstützung diesen Anpassungsprozess erleichtern und die Bewältigung psychischer Belastungen mindern kann. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden 96 ausländische und 171 inländische Studierende der Technischen Universität Kaiserslautern danach befragt, welche Art sozialer Unterstützung sie sich wünschen und inwieweit sie die erfahrene Unterstützung als angemessen erachten. Dazu wurden den Teilnehmern in einem Fragebogen drei potentiell belastende Studiensituationen geschildert: der Studienbeginn, Vorbereitung auf Prüfungen und das Erwägen eines Studienfachwechsels oder Studienortwechsels. Für jede dieser drei Situationen beurteilten die Befragten anhand standardisierter Aussagen, (a) welches Bewältigungsverhalten sie in dieser Situation anstrebten, (b) von welchen Personen bzw. Rollenträgern soziale Unterstützung hierfür gewünscht werde und (c) danach, welcher Art diese Unterstützung sein sollte. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die ausländischen Studierenden diese Situationen sehr zielgerichtet und problemorientiert angehen. Sie bevorzugten sach- und studienfachbezogene Unterstützung gegenüber Unterstützung die auf die emotionale Bewältigung kritischer Situationen abzielt oft in stärkerem Maße als inländische Studierende. Dabei wünschen sich die ausländischen Befragten mehr Unterstützung durch Professoren, Assistenten und Fachschaftsangehörige als Hilfe von Freunden, Partnern oder Verwandten. Da ausländischen Studierenden soziale Unterstützung auch durch das Akademischen Auslandsamt zuteil wird, wurde auch erfragt, welche Dienstleistungsangebote des Auslandsamtes den Befragten bekannt sind bzw. welche sie schon einmal in Anspruch genommen haben. Die Ergebnisse erweitern die Grundlage für Entscheidungen über künftige Maßnahmen des Akademischen Auslandsamtes, diese Entscheidungen selbst sind jedoch nicht Bestandteil dieses Untersuchungsberichts.
We consider the contact of two elastic bodies with rough surfaces at the interface. The size of the micropeaks and valleys is very small compared with the macrosize of the bodies’ domains. This makes the direct application of the FEM for the calculation of the contact problem prohibitively costly. A method is developed that allows deriving a macrocontact condition on the interface. The method involves the twoscale asymptotic homogenization procedure that takes into account the microgeometry of the interface layer and the stiffnesses of materials of both domains. The macrocontact condition can then be used in a FEM model for the contact problem on the macrolevel. The averaged contact stiffness obtained allows the replacement of the interface layer in the macromodel by the macrocontact condition.
The article is concerned with the modelling of ionospheric current systems from induced magnetic fields measured by satellites in a multiscale framework. Scaling functions and wavelets are used to realize a multiscale analysis of the function spaces under consideration and to establish a multiscale regularization procedure for the inversion of the considered vectorial operator equation. Based on the knowledge of the singular system a regularization technique in terms of certain product kernels and corresponding convolutions can be formed. In order to reconstruct ionospheric current systems from satellite magnetic field data, an inversion of the Biot-Savart's law in terms of multiscale regularization is derived. The corresponding operator is formulated and the singular values are calculated. The method is tested on real magnetic field data of the satellite CHAMP and the proposed satellite mission SWARM.
A wavelet technique, the wavelet-Mie-representation, is introduced for the analysis and modelling of the Earth's magnetic field and corresponding electric current distributions from geomagnetic data obtained within the ionosphere. The considerations are essentially based on two well-known geomathematical keystones, (i) the Helmholtz-decomposition of spherical vector fields and (ii) the Mie-representation of solenoidal vector fields in terms of poloidal and toroidal parts. The wavelet-Mie-representation is shown to provide an adequate tool for geomagnetic modelling in the case of ionospheric magnetic contributions and currents which exhibit spatially localized features. An important example are ionospheric currents flowing radially onto or away from the Earth. To demonstrate the functionality of the approach, such radial currents are calculated from vectorial data of the MAGSAT and CHAMP satellite missions.
The Chained Lin-Kernighan algorithm (CLK) is one of the best heuristics to solve Traveling Salesman Problems (TSP). In this paper a distributed algorithm is proposed, were nodes in a network locally optimize TSP instances by using the CLK algorithm. Within an Evolutionary Algorithm (EA) network-based framework the resulting tours are modified and exchanged with neighboring nodes. We show that the distributed variant finds better tours compared to the original CLK given the same amount of computation time. For instance fl3795, the original CLK got stuck in local optima in each of 10 runs, whereas the distributed algorithm found optimal tours in each run requiring less than 10 CPU minutes per node on average in an 8 node setup. For instance sw24978, the distributed algorithm had an average solution quality of 0.050% above the optimum, compared to CLK's average solution of 0.119% above the optimum given the same total CPU time (104 seconds). Considering the best tours of both variants for this instance, the distributed algorithm is 0.033% above the optimum and the CLK algorithm 0.099%.
Piezoelectric filters are used in telecommunication to filter electrical signals. This report deals with the problem of calculating passing and damped frequency intervals for a filter with given geometrical configurations and materials. Only periodic filters, which are widely used in practice, were considered. These filters consist of periodically arranged cells. For a small amount of cells a numerical procedure to visualise the wave propagation in the filter was developed. For a big number of cells another model of the filter was obtained. In this model it is assumed that the filter occupies an infinite domain. This leads to a differential equation, with periodic coefficients, that describes propagation of the wave with a given frequency in the filter. To analyse this equation the Spectral Theory for Periodic Operators had to be employed. Different ways -- analytical and numerical -- to apply the theory were proposed and analysed.
IMRT planning on adaptive volume structures – a significant advance of computational complexity
(2004)
In intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) planning the oncologist faces the challenging task of finding a treatment plan that he considers to be an ideal compromise of the inherently contradictive goals of delivering a sufficiently high dose to the target while widely sparing critical structures. The search for this a priori unknown compromise typically requires the computation of several plans, i.e. the solution of several optimization problems. This accumulates to a high computational expense due to the large scale of these problems - a consequence of the discrete problem formulation. This paper presents the adaptive clustering method as a new algorithmic concept to overcome these difficulties. The computations are performed on an individually adapted structure of voxel clusters rather than on the original voxels leading to a decisively reduced computational complexity as numerical examples on real clinical data demonstrate. In contrast to many other similar concepts, the typical trade-off between a reduction in computational complexity and a loss in exactness can be avoided: the adaptive clustering method produces the optimum of the original problem. This flexible method can be applied to both single- and multi-criteria optimization methods based on most of the convex evaluation functions used in practice