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The performance of napkins is nowadays improved substantially by embedding granules of a superabsorbent into the cellulose matrix. In this paper a continuous model for the liquid transport in such an Ultra Napkin is proposed. Its mean feature is a nonlinear diffusion equation strongly coupled with an ODE describing a reversible absorbtion process. An efficient numerical method based on a symmetrical time splitting and a finite difference scheme of ADI-predictor-corrector type has been developed to solve these equations in a three dimensional setting. Numerical results are presented that can be used to optimize the granule distribution.
A survey on continuous, semidiscrete and discrete well-posedness and scale-space results for a class of nonlinear diffusion filters is presented. This class does not require any monotony assumption (comparison principle) and, thus, allows image restoration as well. The theoretical results include existence, uniqueness, continuous dependence on the initial image, maximum-minimum principles, average grey level invariance, smoothing Lyapunov functionals, and convergence to a constant steady state.
Cloudy inhomogenities in artificial fabrics are graded by a fast method which is based on a Laplacian pyramid decomposition of the fabric image. This band-pass representation takes into account the scale character of the cloudiness. A quality measure of the entire cloudiness is obtained as a weighted mean over the variances of all scales.
The ideas of texture analysis by means of the structure tensor are combined with the scale-space concept of anisotropic diffusion filtering. In contrast to many other nonlinear diffusion techniques, the proposed one uses a diffusion tensor instead of a scalar diffusivity. This allows true anisotropic behaviour. The preferred diffusion direction is determined according to the phase angle of the structure tensor. The diffusivity in this direction is increasing with the local coherence of the signal. This filter is constructed in such a way that it gives a mathematically well-funded scale-space representation of the original image. Experiments demonstrate its usefulness for the processing of interrupted one-dimensional structures such as fingerprint and fabric images.