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Herein, experimental demonstration of the parallel parametric generation of spin waves in a microscaled yttrium iron garnet waveguide with nanoscale thickness is presented. Using Brillouin light scattering microscopy, the parametric excitation of the first and second waveguide modes by a stripline microwave pumping source is observed. Micromagnetic simulations reveal the wave vector of the parametrically generated spin waves. Based on analytical calculations, which are in excellent agreement with experiments and simulations, it is proved that the spin-wave radiation losses are the determinative term of the parametric instability threshold in this miniaturized system. The used method enables the direct excitation and amplification of nanometer spin waves dominated by exchange interactions. The presented results pave the way for integrated magnonics based on insulating nanomagnets.
For most applications the used transport service providers are predetermined during the development of the application. This makes it difficult to consider the application communication requirements and to exploit specific features of the network technology. Specialized protocols that are more efficient and offer a qualitative improved service are typically not supported by most applications because they are not commonly available. In this paper we propose a concept for the realization of protocol independent transport services. Only a transport service is predetermined during the development of the application and an appropriate transport service provider is dynamically selected at run time. This enables to exploit specialized protocols if possible, but standard protocols could still be used if necessary. The main focus of this paper is how a transport service could provide a new transport service provider transparently to existing applications. A prototype is presented that maps TCP/IP based applications to an ATM specific transport service provider which offers a reliable and unreliable transport service like TCP/IP.
This thesis addresses challenges faced by small package shipping companies and investigates the integration of 1) service consistency and driver knowledge aspects and 2) the utilization of electric vehicles into the route planning of small package shippers. We use Operations Research models and solution methods to gain insights into the newly arising problems and thus support managerial decisions concerning these issues.