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We present a method for making use of past proof experience called flexiblere-enactment (FR). FR is actually a search-guiding heuristic that uses past proofexperience to create a search bias. Given a proof P of a problem solved previouslythat is assumed to be similar to the current problem A, FR searches for P andin the "neighborhood" of P in order to find a proof of A.This heuristic use of past experience has certain advantages that make FRquite profitable and give it a wide range of applicability. Experimental studiessubstantiate and illustrate this claim.This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG).
MP Prototype Specification
(1997)
A first explicit connection between finitely presented commutative monoids and ideals in polynomial rings was used 1958 by Emelichev yielding a solution tothe word problem in commutative monoids by deciding the ideal membership problem. The aim of this paper is to show in a similar fashion how congruenceson monoids and groups can be characterized by ideals in respective monoid and group rings. These characterizations enable to transfer well known resultsfrom the theory of string rewriting systems for presenting monoids and groups to the algebraic setting of subalgebras and ideals in monoid respectively grouprings. Moreover, natural one-sided congruences defined by subgroups of a group are connected to one-sided ideals in the respective group ring and hencethe subgroup problem and the ideal membership problem are directly related. For several classes of finitely presented groups we show explicitly howGröbner basis methods are related to existing solutions of the subgroup problem by rewriting methods. For the case of general monoids and submonoidsweaker results are presented. In fact it becomes clear that string rewriting methods for monoids and groups can be lifted in a natural fashion to definereduction relations in monoid and group rings.
The concept of algebraic simplification is of great importance for the field of symbolic computation in computer algebra. In this paper we review somefundamental concepts concerning reduction rings in the spirit of Buchberger. The most important properties of reduction rings are presented. Thetechniques for presenting monoids or groups by string rewriting systems are used to define several types of reduction in monoid and group rings. Gröbnerbases in this setting arise naturally as generalizations of the corresponding known notions in the commutative and some non-commutative cases. Severalresults on the connection of the word problem and the congruence problem are proven. The concepts of saturation and completion are introduced formonoid rings having a finite convergent presentation by a semi-Thue system. For certain presentations, including free groups and context-free groups, theexistence of finite Gröbner bases for finitely generated right ideals is shown and a procedure to compute them is given.
This paper is a continuation of a joint paper with B. Martin [MS] dealing with the problem of direct sum decompositions. The techniques of that paper areused to decide wether two modules are isomorphic or not. An positive answer to this question has many applications - for example for the classification ofmaximal Cohen-Macaulay module over local algebras as well as for the study of projective modules. Up to now computer algebra is normally dealing withequality of ideals or modules which depends on chosen embeddings. The present algorithm allows to switch to isomorphism classes which is more natural inthe sense of commutative algebra and algebraic geometry.
In this paper we provide a semantical meta-theory that will support the development of higher-order calculi for automated theorem proving like the corresponding methodology has in first-order logic. To reach this goal, we establish classes of models that adequately characterize the existing theorem-proving calculi, that is, so that they are sound and complete to these calculi, and a standard methodology of abstract consistency methods (by providing the necessary model existence theorems) needed to analyze completeness of machine-oriented calculi.
In this paper a group of participants of the 12th European Summer Institute which took place in Tenerifa, Spain in June 1995 present their views on the state of the art and the future trends in Locational Analysis. The issue discussed includes modelling aspects in discrete, network and continuous location, heuristic techniques, the state of technology and undesirable facility location. Some general questions are stated reagrding the applicability of location models, promising research directions and the way technology affects the development of solution techniques.
Sudakov's typical marginals, random linear functionals and a conditional central limit theorem
(1997)
V.N. Sudakov [Sud78] proved that the one-dimensional marginals of a highdimensional second order measure are close to each other in most directions. Extending this and a related result in the context of projection pursuit of P. Diaconis and D. Freedman [Dia84], we give for a probability measure P and a random (a.s.) linear functional F on a Hilbert space simple sufficient conditions under which most of the one-dimensional images of P under F are close to their canonical mixture which turns out to be almost a mixed normal distribution. Using the concept of approximate conditioning we deduce a conditional central limit theorem (theorem 3) for random averages of triangular arrays of random variables which satisfy only fairly weak asymptotic orthogonality conditions.
Primary decomposition of an ideal in a polynomial ring over a field belongs to the indispensable theoretical tools in commutative algebra and algebraic geometry. Geometrically it corresponds to the decomposition of an affine variety into irreducible components and is, therefore, also an important geometric concept.The decomposition of a variety into irreducible components is, however, slightly weaker than the full primary decomposition, since the irreducible components correspond only to the minimal primes of the ideal of the variety, which is a radical ideal. The embedded components, although invisible in the decomposition of the variety itself, are, however, responsible for many geometric properties, in particular, if we deform the variety slightly. Therefore, they cannot be neglected and the knowledge of the full primary decomposition is important also in a geometric context.In contrast to the theoretical importance, one can find in mathematical papers only very few concrete examples of non-trivial primary decompositions because carrying out such a decomposition by hand is almost impossible. This experience corresponds to the fact that providing efficient algorithms for primary decomposition of an ideal I ae K[x1; : : : ; xn], K a field, is also a difficult task and still one of the big challenges for computational algebra and computational algebraic geometry.All known algorithms require Gr"obner bases respectively characteristic sets and multivariate polynomial factorization over some (algebraic or transcendental) extension of the given field K. The first practical algorithm for computing the minimal associated primes is based on characteristic sets and the Ritt-Wu process ([R1], [R2], [Wu], [W]), the first practical and general primary decomposition algorithm was given by Gianni, Trager and Zacharias [GTZ]. New ideas from homological algebra were introduced by Eisenbud, Huneke and Vasconcelos in [EHV]. Recently, Shimoyama and Yokoyama [SY] provided a new algorithm, using Gr"obner bases, to obtain the primary decompositon from the given minimal associated primes.In the present paper we present all four approaches together with some improvements and with detailed comparisons, based upon an analysis of 34 examples using the computer algebra system SINGULAR [GPS]. Since primary decomposition is a fairly complicated task, it is, therefore, best explained by dividing it into several subtasks, in particular, while sometimes only one of these subtasks is needed in practice. The paper is organized in such a way that we consider the subtasks separately and present the different approaches of the above-mentioned authors, with several tricks and improvements incorporated. Some of these improvements and the combination of certain steps from the different algorithms are essential for improving the practical performance.